“…First, exome sequencing of IDH-mutated astrocytoma at initial diagnosis and recurrence showed that, while the IDH1 is preserved, distinct clonal mutations in P53 and ATRX emerge at recurrence (Johnson et al, 2014). Second, expression of mutant IDH1 alone in progenitor cells leads to pre-tumorigenic changes (Bardella et al, 2016; Figueroa et al, 2010; Lu et al, 2012; Pirozzi et al, 2017; Rosiak et al, 2016; Saha et al, 2014; Turcan et al, 2012). Third, germline mosaicism for neomorphic IDH mutations in Ollier disease can result in brain astrocytomas (Amary et al, 2011; Bonnet et al, 2016; Pansuriya et al, 2011).…”