Ideology and television news: A metaphoric analysis of political stories

Fighting the Battle or Running the Race?

“…Each photo included the title, caption, location, date, photographer, and image identification number. Following the practice of scholars who have used metaphor analysis (e.g., Amouzadeh & Tavangar, 2004;Foss, 2004;Mumby & Spitzack, 1983;Schoeneman et al, 2004b), we looked at the texts to see what cultural phenomena they referenced. In essence, we examined the visual and verbal texts and asked, "based on this portrayal, cancer is like-."…”

“…We coded the categories (see Koch & Deetz, 1981;Turner & Shuter, 2004) and clustered them into subthemes (BourlandDavis, 1998;Foss, 2004;Mumby & Spitzack, 1983). The captions and titles contributed to our coding.…”

“…Mumby and Spitzack (1983), who also found war and game (sport) metaphors in political news stories, argued that war "involves two or more enemies, strategies, attacks, conflicts, violence, struggle for domination, the use of weapons, has leaders, usually ends in victory or defeat, and is dangerous" (p. 167). Games (or sport) on the other hand, "involve players, roleplaying, play, competition, cooperation between teammates, varying degrees of skill, the use of strategy, are often won or lost, have teams, rules, and often have spectators" (p. 167).…”

“…Verbal metaphors have been studied in speeches (e.g., Ivie, 1987;Jamison, 1980;Perry, 1983) and television news (Mumby & Spitzack, 1983). Visual metaphors have been studied in film (Whittock, 1990), drawings and cartoons (Danto, 1993;Kennedy, 1994;Rozik, 1994), logographic characters (Hiraga, 2006), quiltmaking (McLaughlin, 2007, and advertising (Amouzadeh & Tavangar, 2004;Forceville, 1994Forceville, , 1996Forceville, , 2000Hobbs, 2007;Kaplan 1990Kaplan , 1992Larson, 1982: Messaris, 1997Myers, 1994).…”

Enthymematic solutions to the Lockshin defection story: A case study in the repair of a problematic narrative

“…Tuchman (1978) also likens the news media to a frame because it simultaneously allows us to see but limits us from seeing the bigger picture. More recently, Mumby and Spitzack (1983) observe that the news-making process is "inherently ideological, functioning as a means by which the world can be 'framed'" (p. 162). Ideology is a ubiquitous element of everyday life, as Hall (1979) argues when he defines ideology as "not what is hidden and concealed, but precisely what is most open [and] manifest" (p. 325).…”