Identity of the causal agents of human babesiosis in Europe

Gray, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.01.029

Cited by 86 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These findings confirm earlier observations of different infectivity of such isolates for Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and cattle which are susceptible to isolates originating from cattle but not to those from game (Gray, 2006;Langton et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Schmid

Deplazes

Hoby

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation Schmid, N Schmid, N. Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation. 2008 Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation AbstractIn 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern Swiss Alps. PCR on DNA extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18S rRNA gene with GenBank entries attributed to Babesia divergens of cattle origin or B. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. Examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattle from this area by IFAT, microscopy and PCR provided no evidence for babesial infection. Six of 887 ticks collected from cattle were PCR-positive, and sequencing revealed Babesia sp. genotype EU1 in five and B. divergens/B. capreoli in one of them. A Babesia isolate of chamois, two isolates of roe deer from the same region and one isolate of a roe deer from the north-western Swiss Alps were genetically compared with two Swiss B. divergens isolates of cattle origin by analysing the genomic rDNA locus. Whereas the near full length sequences of the 18S rRNA gene were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from free-ranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. divergens-like organisms from chamois and roe deer. were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from freeranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Whether the few human infections which were attributed to B. divergens in the past (reviewed by Gray, 2006;Zintl et al, 2003) were caused by Babesia sp. EU1, B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Schmid

Deplazes

Hoby

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Taken together, the introns and phylogenetic trees in the present study not only reinforce the intragroup tri-classification proposed previously (U.S., Kobe, Hobetsu) [37,38,43,44] but, more important, identify Munich as a fourth distinctive group making up the B. microti complex. This finding is in keeping with suspicions raised by 18S rDNA [11,26,32] and β-tubulin [37] gene sequencing analyses, but the CCTη gene adds a new dimension dramatically expanding and enriching the work achieved so far. Surprisingly, in the CCTη gene sequences the 5 Munich isolates had 100% identity among themselves (intra-Munich) in spite of having geographically diverse origins (UK, Poland and Germany), but they had negligible identity with the U.S. (88.9%), Kobe (83.2%) and Hobetsu (85.1%) parasites (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In 2006, 18S rDNA sequence of a European rodent isolate "Munich" (GenBank accession number AB071177) disclosed marked differences from the parasites reported in either the U.S. or Japan [11] but showed high similarity to isolates from rodents (M. arvalis and M. oeconomus) and ticks (Ixodes ricinus) captured in Poland [26,32]. Furthermore, novel genotypes distinct from those commonly distributed in feral rodents in the Holarctic region have been detected repeatedly in such carnivores as fox [8], skunk [8] and river otter [5] in the U.S., raccoons in Japan and the U.S. [8,15], and dogs in Spain (Theileria annae or B. annae) [6,42].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Relegation of parasites to the B. microti group, however, was often done predominantly on the basis of the parasite morphology and host spectrum. Consequently, the B. microti group has long been regarded as a single species (either B. microti sensu stricto or the U.S.-type B. microti), but suspicions of misnomer and dubious classification have surfaced [11,41]. In 1999, blood transfusion-induced babesiosis was diagnosed in a resident of Kobe, Japan, and parasites (Kobe type) isolated from the patient (index case) and from rodents (Apodemus speciosus) captured near the residential area of a blood-transfusion donor were analyzed by 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) sequences [30,39].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia microti-Group Parasites Compared Phylogenetically by Complete Sequencing of the CCT.ETA. Gene in 36 Isolates

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Babesia microti, the erythroparasitic cause of human babesiosis, has long been taken to be a single species because classification by parasite morphology and host spectrum blurred distinctions between the parasites. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) and, more recently, the β-tubulin gene have suggested inter-group heterogeneity. Intra-group relationships, however, remain unknown. This study was conducted to clarify the intra-and inter-group phylogenetic features of the B. microti-group parasites with the η subunit of the chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide l (CCTη) gene as a candidate genetic marker for defining the B. microti group. We prepared complete sequences of the CCTη gene from 36 piroplasms and compared the phylogenetic trees. The B. microti-group parasites clustered in a monophyletic assemblage separate from the Babesia sensu stricto and Theileria genera and subdivided predominantly into 4 clades (U.S., Kobe, Hobetsu, Munich) with highly significant evolutionary distances between the clades. B. rodhaini branched at the base of the B. microti-group parasites. In addition, a unique intron presence/absence matrix not observable in 18S rDNA or β-tubulin set the B. microti group entirely apart from either Babesia sensu stricto or Theileria. These results have strong implications for public health, suggesting that the B. microti-group parasites are a full-fledged genus comprising, for now, four core species, i.e., U.S., Kobe, Hobetsu, and Munich species nova. Furthermore, the CCTη gene is an instructive and definitive genetic marker for analyzing B. microti and related parasites.

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Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow, and Spleen: The GeneraPlasmodium, BabesiaandToxoplasma

Garcia¹

2012

Non‐Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections

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Identity of the causal agents of human babesiosis in Europe

Cited by 86 publications

References 31 publications

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Babesia microti-Group Parasites Compared Phylogenetically by Complete Sequencing of the CCT.ETA. Gene in 36 Isolates

Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow, and Spleen: The GeneraPlasmodium, BabesiaandToxoplasma

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