Identity of tendon stem cells – how much do we know?

Lui, Pauline Po Yee

doi:10.1111/jcmm.12007

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Moreover, since the IdU label was lost during cell proliferation, it could only be used to trace the early events after tissue injury. The use of other tendon stem cell tracking methods should be considered if investigators are interested in the mid-to-late events after injury [45]. The patellar tendon window injury model used in the present study is not representative of tendon ruptures observed clinically that are commonly presented with degenerative changes.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 70%

In Vivo Identity of Tendon Stem Cells and the Roles of Stem Cells in Tendon Healing

Tan

Lui

Lee

2013

Stem Cells and Development

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We investigated the spatial distribution of stem cells in tendons and the roles of stem cells in early tendon repair. The relationship between tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) isolated in vitro and tendon stem cells in vivo was also explored. Iododeoxyuridine (IdU) label-retaining method was used for labeling stem cells in rat patellar tendons with and without injury. Co-localization of label-retaining cells (LRCs) with different markers was done by immunofluorescent staining. TDSCs were isolated from patellar tendon mid-substance after IdU pulsing, and the expression of different markers in fresh and expanded cells was done by immunofluorescent staining. More LRCs were found at the peritenon and tendon-bone junction compared with the mid-substance. Some LRCs at the peritenon were located at the perivascular niche. The LRC number and the expression of proliferative, tendon-related, pluripotency, and pericyte-related markers in LRCs in the window wound increased. Most of the freshly isolated TDSCs expressed IdU, and some TDSCs expressed pericyte-related markers, which were lost during expansion. Both freshly isolated and subcultured TDSCs expressed pluripotency markers, which were absent in LRCs in intact tendons. In conclusion, we identified LRCs at the peritenon, mid-substance, and tendon-bone junction. There were both vascular and non-vascular sources of LRCs at the peritenon, while the source of LRCs at the mid-substance was non-vascular. LRCs participated in tendon repair via migration, proliferation, activation for tenogenesis, and increased pluripotency. Some LRCs in the window wound were pericyte like. Most of the mid-substance TDSCs were LRCs. The pluripotency markers and pericyte-related marker in LRCs might be important for function after injury. Recently, stem/progenitor cells have been isolated from tendon tissues of varies species, including human, horse, rabbit, rat, and mouse [3][4][5][6]. These stem/progenitor cells isolated from tendon tissues exhibited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential [3][4][5][6]. Since the origin and identity of these cells were not clear, we called them tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) to indicate only the tissue from which the cells were isolated [5].Many studies suggested that the wall of capillaries, small vessels, and large vessels harbored stem/progenitor cells [7][8][9][10][11]. Some studies further suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from pericytes [9,12].Pericytes/perivascular cells from a variety of tissues were reported to exhibit characteristics that were strikingly similar to those of MSCs [7][8][9][10][11]. For tendons, there was also evidence that the vasculature of tendon tissue might harbor stem cells [13]. However, tendon mid-substance is hypovascular compared with other tissues and receives its blood supply mainly from the endotenon and paratenon [14]. TDSCs isolated from the tendon mid-substance, while positive for alpha smooth muscle actin [5], were not positive for other pericyte-related markers [3,15]. Tend...

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Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 70%

In Vivo Identity of Tendon Stem Cells and the Roles of Stem Cells in Tendon Healing

Tan

Lui

Lee

2013

Stem Cells and Development

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“…214–217 When TDSCs were isolated and implanted as TDSC-fibrin glue constructs into patellar tendon defects using a rat model, 218 the collagen content, fiber orientation, and biomechanical properties were significantly improved in the TDSC-group relative to fibrin only controls at four weeks post-injury. Pietschmann et al 219 created rat Achilles tendon defects which were bridged by PGA and collagen type I scaffolds seeded with either tail tendon-derived cells or BMSCs.…”

Section: Use Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells For Tendon Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Scientific Advances Towards the Development of Tendon Healing Strategies

Sayegh

Sandy

Virk

et al. 2015

CTE

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There exists a range of surgical and non-surgical approaches to the treatment of both acute and chronic tendon injuries. Despite surgical advances in the management of acute tears and increasing treatment options for tendinopathies, strategies frequently are unsuccessful, due to impaired mechanical properties of the treated tendon and/or a deficiency in progenitor cell activities. Hence, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies to augment intrinsic and/or surgical repair. Such approaches can benefit both tendinopathies and tendon tears which, due to their severity, appear to be irreversible or irreparable. Biologic therapies include the utilization of scaffolds as well as gene, growth factor, and cell delivery. These treatment modalities aim to provide mechanical durability or augment the biologic healing potential of the repaired tissue. Here, we review the emerging concepts and scientific evidence which provide a rationale for tissue engineering and regeneration strategies as well as discuss the clinical translation of recent innovations.

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“…Niche components that likely regulate TSPCs include the extracellular matrix, soluble factors, and the surrounding mechanical forces. 29 It has been reported that TSPCs reside within a unique niche, where two extracellular matrix proteins, biglycan and fibromodulin, regulate their function by modulating BMP and Wnt3a signaling. 3 BMP-2 has been shown to promote non-tenocyte differentiation and proteoglycan deposition of TDSCs in vitro 38; 39 while Wnt3a is known to promote the osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs in vitro.…”

Section: Tendon Stem/progenitor Cells (Tspcs) and Induced Pluripotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and mechano‐response of tendon cells: Progress overview and perspectives

Sun

Schaniel

Leong

et al. 2015

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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In this review, we summarize the group discussions on Cell Biology & Mechanics from the 2014 ORS/ISMMS New Frontiers in Tendon Research Conference. The major discussion topics included: 1) the biology of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and the potential of stem cell-based tendon therapy using TSPCs and other types of stem cells, namely, embryonic and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), 2) the biological concept and potential impact of cellular senescence on tendon aging, tendon injury repair and the development of degenerative disease, and 3) the effects of tendon cells’ mechano-response on tendon cell fate and metabolism. For each topic, a brief overview is presented which summarizes the major points discussed by the group participants. The focus of the discussions ranged from current research progress, challenges and opportunities, to future directions on these topics. In the preparation of this manuscript, authors consulted relevant references as a part of their efforts to present an accurate view on the topics discussed.

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Identity of tendon stem cells – how much do we know?

Cited by 55 publications

References 74 publications

In Vivo Identity of Tendon Stem Cells and the Roles of Stem Cells in Tendon Healing

In Vivo Identity of Tendon Stem Cells and the Roles of Stem Cells in Tendon Healing

Recent Scientific Advances Towards the Development of Tendon Healing Strategies

Biology and mechano‐response of tendon cells: Progress overview and perspectives

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