Identity of rearranged LINE/c-MYC junction sequences specific for the canine transmissible venereal tumor.

Amariglio, E. N.; Hakim, I.; Brok‐Simoni, Frida; Grossman, Zehava; Katzir, Nurit; Harmelin, Alon; Ramot, Bracha; Rechavi, Gideon

doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.8136

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Strong labeling for vimentin in a case of mesotheliona of bruin (Ursus arctos 6,10,11,18,22,23) . Immunoexpression of c-myc was strong in the nuclei of the case of canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) tested in this study, corroborating previous reports (1,35) . This protein has also been demonstrated in canine breast tumors (6) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic veterinary pathology: a critical review

Ruiz¹,

Alessi²,

Chagas³

et al. 2005

J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.

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key words unitermos abstractImmunohistochemistry has become a practical and widely used tool for diagnosis in human pathology since the 70's. However, its application in veterinary diagnostic pathology has not been so common, especially due to the lack of specific antibodies. To overcome this drawback, antibodies which present cross reactivity with human and animal antigens have been applied. The purpose of the present study was to test the cross reactivity of some antibodies intended for the human pathology, which may be used in animal tissues, with the help of antigen retrieval and amplification systems. In the present study it was confirmed that many of the antibodies produced for use in human histopathology might be applied in veterinary pathology. Further studies are needed to increase the list of applicability of these antibodies to different animal species. It must be stressed that in this type of study some variables, such as clone of antibody, dilution, antigen retrieval method, and detection system, have to be evaluated. Lab • v. 41 • n. 4 • p. 263-70 • agosto 2005 a more accurate diagnosis. This fact has brought to the attention of veterinary pathologists the need to improve the application of immunohistochemistry in their daily routine, following the tendency of human diagnostic pathology. Immunohistochemistry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic veterinary pathology: a critical review

Ruiz¹,

Alessi²,

Chagas³

et al. 2005

J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.

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“…There was generally no clustering of L1 insertions with the one potential exception of four L1 insertions near the c-myc locus. Interestingly, there is a previously published L1 insertion in the dog c-myc locus (Amariglio et al 1991). There was also a report of a L1-related rearrangement in the human c-myc locus (Morse et al 1988) but this event was not fully characterized and had several features suggesting that it was not a typical L1 insertion.…”

Section: Clustering Of L1 and Sine Insertionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There was also a report of a L1-related rearrangement in the human c-myc locus (Morse et al 1988) but this event was not fully characterized and had several features suggesting that it was not a typical L1 insertion. The somatic insertion of endogenous L1 in the dog cmyc gene (Figure 3) (Amariglio et al 1991) may represent an ascertainment bias because of the influence c-myc has on cellular proliferation. However, it seems unlikely that the L1 insertions created in the HeLa assay could present a similar proliferation advantage.…”

Section: Clustering Of L1 and Sine Insertionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of pre-insertion loci of de novo L1 insertions

Gasior¹,

Preston²,

Hedges³

et al. 2007

Gene

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The human Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) and the Short Interspersed Element (SINE) Alu comprise 28% of the human genome. They share the same L1-encoded endonuclease for insertion, which recognizes an A+T-rich sequence. Under a simple model of insertion distribution, this nucleotide preference would lead to the prediction that the populations of both elements would be biased towards A+T-rich regions. Genomic L1 elements do show an A+T-rich bias. In contrast, Alu is biased towards G+C-rich regions when compared to the genome average. Several analyses have demonstrated that relatively recent insertions of both elements show less G+C content bias relative to older elements. We have analyzed the repetitive element and G+C composition of more than 100 pre-insertion loci derived from de novo L1 insertions in cultured human cancer cells, which should represent an evolutionarily unbiased set of insertions. An A+T-rich bias is observed in the 50 bp flanking the endonuclease target site, consistent with the known target site for the L1 endonuclease. The L1, Alu, and G+C content of 20 kb of the de novo pre-insertion loci show a different set of biases than those observed for fixed L1s in the human genome. In contrast to the insertion sites of genomic L1s, the de novo L1 pre-insertion loci are relatively L1-poor, Alu-rich and G+C-neutral. Finally, a statistically significant cluster of de novo L1 insertions was localized in the vicinity of the c-myc gene. These results suggest that the initial insertion preference of L1, while A+T-rich in the initial vicinity of the break site, can be influenced by the broader content of the flanking genomic region and have implications for understanding the dynamics of L1 and Alu distributions in the human genome.

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“…35 The LINE gene insertion has been found in CTVT cells collected in many countries around the world. 1,9 The insertion always begins at the 5Ј end, outside the first exon of c-myc gene. 1,9,20 Because the insertion is specific, a PCR method was developed to diagnose this tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor Cells Using in Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction and the Stable Sequence of the Long Interspersed Nuclear Element

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a unique tumor that can be transplanted across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barrier by viable tumor cells. In dogs, CTVT grows progressively for a few months and then usually regresses spontaneously. A long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) insertion is found specifically and constantly in the 5Ј end of the CTVT cell c-myc gene, outside the first exon. The rearranged LINE-c-myc gene sequence has been used with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose CTVT. However, in CTVT cells, the total length of the inserted LINE gene is not constant. In this experiment, variation in the inserted LINE gene was studied to determine which parts of the LINE sequence can be used as primers to identify CTVT cells with in situ PCR (IS PCR). The LINE gene was inserted between the TATA boxes in the promoter region of c-myc. In CTVT cells, deletions of different lengths are frequent in this gene. However, the 550-bp segment at the 5Ј end of the LINE-c-myc gene was stable. Thus, primers were designed to cover the stable 0.55-kb segment from the 5Ј end outside the first exon of the c-myc gene to the 5Ј end of LINE gene stable segment. With these primers and IS PCR, individual CTVT cells in formalin-fixed tissue sections and CTVT cultures were identified. Cells from other canine tumors were negative for this gene. In addition, the CTVT-specific, 0.55-kb segment was not found in any spindle-shaped cells from progressive or regressive phase CTVT. The IS PCR technique also did not detect any positive spindle-shaped cells in CTVT cell cultures. Thus, fibroblastic terminal differentiation is less likely to be a mechanism for spontaneous regression of CTVT cells.Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring tumor transmitted by viable tumor cells. CTVT cells are small and round, with a large nucleolus and prominent cytoplasm in which cytoplasmic vacuolization is common. Although the origin of CTVT cells has not been well defined, studies using immunohistochemical staining indicate that the tumor origin is histiocytic. 25,27 The normal chromosome number for dogs is 78, and only the sex chromosomes are metacentric. In CTVT cells, the number of chromosomes ranges from 57 to 59, and 16 to 18 chromosomes are metacentric. 28,31 Transposable elements (TE), or transposons, are a group of discrete genes that transport themselves directly from one site to another within the genome. 26 Transposon activity has been associated with chromosomal rearrangements, such as deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, and the recombination of host genomes. A 1.6-kb-long interspersed nuclear element (LINE), 20 a TE sequence or retroposon, was found in CTVT cells, inserted in the 5Ј end of the c-myc gene, outside the first exon. The truncated LINE-1 element has been sequenced, 7 and it contains a 1,378-bp insert flanked by a 10-bp direct repeat upstream of the c-myc gene. The DNA sequence of the

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Identity of rearranged LINE/c-MYC junction sequences specific for the canine transmissible venereal tumor.

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic veterinary pathology: a critical review

Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic veterinary pathology: a critical review

Characterization of pre-insertion loci of de novo L1 insertions

Identification of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor Cells Using in Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction and the Stable Sequence of the Long Interspersed Nuclear Element

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