Identity of Gram Negative, Yellow Pigmented, Fermentative Bacteria isolated from Plants and Animals

Graham, D. C.; Hodgkiss, William S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1967.tb00287.x

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The strains were chosen to be representative of the broadest possible range of geographical sources, host plants, and date of isolation. 'Erwinialike' bacteria isolated mainly from plant materials were provided by E. Billing (Billing & Baker, 1963) and D. C. Graham (Graham & Hodgkiss, 1967); those isolated from American white-tail deer, humans and leafhoppers were provided by T. F. Muraschi (Muraschi et al 1969, I. J. Slotnick, R. F. Whitcomb (Whitcomb et al 1966 Tables 1-3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Starr

Mandel

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYUsing lysates and purified DNA, base ratios were determined by the buoyant density ultracentrifugation and the absorbance-temperature transition techniques ; the correspondence was very high between the two methods. The DNAs from a large number of Erwinia species, mostly phytopathogenic and nonphytopathogenic, but including some ' Erwinia-like ' bacteria from animal sources and from other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were studied. The DNA base ratios of these bacteria fell mainly in the range 50-58 % GC, consistent with their taxonomic placement in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Certain assemblages of erwinias could be grouped on the basis of GC content into clearly differentiated clusters, which, accidentally or otherwise, correlated neatly with certain existing nomenclatural groupings. It was not possible, from the GC values alone, to decide whether the present multiplicity of Erwinia species can be justified as separate species, or whether and how they might be combined into fewer species, or whether and how they might be demoted to some infraspecific level. Indeed, it is not clear whether the genus Erwinia, defined as it is solely on the basis of plant habitat, should be maintained or whether its species might not, just as rationally, be distributed throughout other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Classifications of the genus Erwinia on over-all phenotypic similarity result in a small number of specific taxa which, on the basis of the present study, are seen to contain organisms of different GC contents. In the present state of the art, one can only be agnostic about the amount of such differences in GC content which corresponds to separate taxa or to a particular categoreal level (generic, specific, infraspecific) in the present hierarchical taxonomic scheme.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Starr

Mandel

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…The G+C contents of the DNAs of 10 strains range from 53.1 to 55.2 mol% (9, 17, 24, 43; this study). Some strains (synonym, Erwinia ananas) are thought (40) to cause rot ofAnanas comosus fruitlets, although this is doubted (13,21). Other strains (synonym, Erwinia uredovora) attack the uredia of the wheat pathogen Puccinia graminis (38).…”

Section: Seven Strains Received Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Erwinia ananas (synonym, Erwinia uredovora) and Erwinia stewartii to the Genus Pantoea emend. as Pantoea ananas (Serrano 1928) comb. nov. and Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) comb. nov., Respectively, and Description of Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes subsp. nov.

Mergaert¹,

Verdonck

Kersters

1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

221

150

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Transfer of Erwinia ananas (synonym, Erwinia uredovora) Belgium Eight Erwiniu stewurtii strains, 11 Erwiniu ununus strains, and 7 Erwiniu uredovoru strains, as well as 9 phenotypically similar Erwinia herbicoh strains and Enterobacter ugglomeruns LMG 5342, were compared by examining electropherograms prepared from their soluble proteins and were grouped into nine protein electrophoretic groups. The levels of DNA relatedness among these electrophoretic groups were determined spectrophotometrically from the renaturation rates at 74°C of the DNAs of 13 selected strains. The representatives from five protein electrophoretic groups, including E. u n a w LMG 2665T (T = type strain) and E. uredovoru LMG 2667T, exhibited 76 to 100% DNA binding to each other and constituted DNA hybridization group 2665. All E. stewurtii strains (including LMG 2715T) were electrophoretically very similar; representatives of this species exhibited 93 to 9% DNA binding to each other and constituted DNA hybridization subgroup 2715. The strains belonging to the remaining three protein electrophoretic groups exhibited 94 to 96% DNA binding to each other and formed DNA hybridization subgroup 2632. The latter two subgroups were 60 to 83% (average, 73%) interrelated and exhibited 30 to 39% DNA binding to group 2665. It is proposed that E. ununm and E. uredovoru should be united in a single species, which should be classified in the genus Puntoeu as Puntoeu ununas (Serrano 1928) Syst. Bacteriol. 344545,1984). The transfer of E. stewurtii to the genus Puntoeu and the creation of two separate subspecies within Puntoeu stewurtii (Smith 1898) comb. nov. are also proposed. Puntoeu stewurh'i subsp. stewurtii (Smith 1898) comb. nov. (synonym, Erwiniu stewurtii) contains the strains belonging to subgroup 2715, and its type strain is strain LMG 2715 (= NCPPB 2295); and Puntoeu stewurtii subsp. indologenes subsp. nov. contains the strains belonging to subgroup 2632, and its type strain is strain LMG 2632 (= NCPPB 2280). As determined by principal-component analysis of the cellular fatty acid compositions, P. ananus, P. stewurtii subsp. stewurtii, and P. stewurtii subsp. indologenes are separated from each other mainly by differences in the relative contents of cis-Phexadecenoic acid cb 9), cyclo-heptadecanoic acid (C1,:o cycle), and straight-chain octodecenoic acids (ClBZl). P. stewartii subsp. stewurtii can also be differentiated from P. ununus and P. stewurtii subsp. indologenes by its inability to produce indole, to utilize citrate, to grow on cis-aconitate, and to form acid from seven carbohydrates. P. stewurtii subsp. indologenes can also be separated from P. ununus by its inability to form acid from sorbitol and a-methyl+ mannoside. Descriptions of P. ananus and P. stewurtii and its two subspecies are given, and the description of the genus Puntoeu is emended. (18,(32)(33)(34)45) as well as genotypic levels (5,7,19,26,29). Some of the members of this complex were placed in new genera. Escherichia adecarboxylata was renamed Leclercia adecarbo...

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“…Erwinia herbicola (Löhnis) Dye are members of the Enterobacteriaceae and are ubiquitous in nature, inhabiting plants, soil, and water (16,20,21) and animals and humans (16,35). Strains belonging to E. herbicola are members of the E. herbicolaEnterobacter agglomerans cluster; some have been redesignated P. agglomerans and P. dispersa, while others did not fall into either of the two species (20).…”

Section: Pantoea Agglomerans or Pantoea Dispersa (20) Also Known Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pantoea agglomeransStrain EH318 Produces Two Antibiotics That InhibitErwinia amylovoraIn Vitro

Wright

Zumoff

Schneider

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

165

105

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Pantoea agglomerans (synonym: Erwinia herbicola) strain Eh318 produces through antibiosis a complex zone of inhibited growth in an overlay seeded with Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. This zone is caused by two antibiotics, named pantocin A and B. Using a genomic library of Eh318, two cosmids, pCPP702 and pCPP704, were identified that conferred on Escherichia coli the ability to inhibit growth of E. amylovora. The two cosmids conferred different antibiotic activities on E. coli DH5␣ and had distinct restriction enzyme profiles. A smaller, antibiotic-conferring DNA segment from each cosmid was cloned. Each subclone was characterized and mutagenized with transposons to generate clones that were deficient in conferring pantocin A and B production, respectively. Mutated subclones were introduced into Eh318 to create three antibioticdefective marker exchange mutants: strain Eh421 (pantocin A deficient); strain Eh439 (pantocin B deficient), and Eh440 (deficient in both pantocins). Cross-hybridization results, restriction maps, and spectrum-ofactivity data using the subclones and marker exchange mutants, supported the presence of two distinct antibiotics, pantocin A and pantocin B, whose biosynthetic genes were present in pCPP702 and pCPP704, respectively. The structure of pantocin A is unknown, whereas that of pantocin B has been determined as (R)-N-[((S)-2-amino-propanoylamino)-methyl]-2-methanesulfonyl-succinamic acid. The two pantocins mainly affect other enteric bacteria, based on limited testing. Pantoea agglomerans or Pantoea dispersa (20), also known asErwinia herbicola (Löhnis) Dye are members of the Enterobacteriaceae and are ubiquitous in nature, inhabiting plants, soil, and water (16,20,21) and animals and humans (16,35). Strains belonging to E. herbicola are members of the E. herbicolaEnterobacter agglomerans cluster; some have been redesignated P. agglomerans and P. dispersa, while others did not fall into either of the two species (20). P. agglomerans and P. dispersa are frequent companions of Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. the causal agent of the disease fire blight of apple and pear trees (36, 38). There is current interest in P. agglomerans and P. dispersa as biological control agents for fire blight because they are harmless to apple and pear trees and are able to protect them against invasion of the pathogen (4, 29). P. agglomerans strain Eh318, isolated from a symptomless apple stem in New York State, protected immature pear fruits in the laboratory (53) and apple blossoms in controlled environment and orchard tests (5,23,43).Production of antibiotics inhibitory to E. amylovora by several strains of Pantoea spp. seems important for inhibition of E. amylovora in planta (30,45,53). In vitro inhibition of E. amylovora by antibiotics of Pantoea spp. is well documented (24,28,45,47,48). Different strains of P. agglomerans and P. dispersa have different spectra of antimicrobial activity (15,25) and produce different types of inhibition zones against the same indicator organis...

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Identity of Gram Negative, Yellow Pigmented, Fermentative Bacteria isolated from Plants and Animals

Cited by 76 publications

References 23 publications

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Transfer of Erwinia ananas (synonym, Erwinia uredovora) and Erwinia stewartii to the Genus Pantoea emend. as Pantoea ananas (Serrano 1928) comb. nov. and Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) comb. nov., Respectively, and Description of Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes subsp. nov.

Pantoea agglomeransStrain EH318 Produces Two Antibiotics That InhibitErwinia amylovoraIn Vitro

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