Identity Formation, Personal Control Over Development, and Well-Being

Fadjukoff, Päivi; Pulkkinen, Lea

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499784.019

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The mechanisms of the impact of the level of education on identity achievement can possibly be partly explained by early selection involved in the processes: Youth attending longer education could have better cognitive capacities, have better individualization strategies (see Schwartz et al, 2005), and be better able to take full advantage of the offered schooling and counseling services than those who are less educationally oriented. Fadjukoff and Pulkkinen (2006) showed earlier that the occupational status of the parents, and one's own school success at age 14, had implications on identity achievement in adulthood. In addition, Lannegard-Willems and Bosma The focus of the present study was on the timing of the transition to adulthood, and its implications for identity achievement.…”

Section: Transition To Adulthood and Identity 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if an individual was in the identity achievement category for two domains, in the foreclosure status for two domains, and in the moratorium status for one domain, that person received a score of 2 for the Identity Achievement scale, 2 for the Foreclosure scale, 1 for the Moratorium scale, and 0 for the Diffusion scale. As Diffusion and Achievement are the two end points of the identity continuum theoretically, and were empirically highly negatively correlated (from r = -.55 to -.62), we formed a new Identity Achievement-Diffusion (IAD) scale for identity at each age level, by subtracting the number of domains in diffusion (05) from the number of domains in achievement (05; Fadjukoff & Pulkkinen, 2006).…”

Section: Procedures and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Implications of Timing of Entering Adulthood for Identity Achievement

Fadjukoff

Kokko

Pulkkinen

2007

Journal of Adolescent Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Five external markers of adulthood, self-perceived adulthood at age 27, and identity achievement at ages 27, 36, and 42 were explored for 95 women and 94 men in a cohort of Finns born in 1959.Earlier transition to adulthood in family life (moving from the parental home, entering marriage or cohabitation, having a child) anticipated higher identity achievement in adulthood. However, later transition to adulthood in working life, composed of the first certification conferral, and entering a full-time job was associated with higher identity achievement. Both components correlated with the higher level and thus the length of education. Self-perceived adulthood was unrelated to the age of achieving external markers of adulthood but was positively associated with identity achievement in women.

show abstract

Section: Transition To Adulthood and Identity 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Procedures and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Timing of Entering Adulthood for Identity Achievement

Fadjukoff

Kokko

Pulkkinen

2007

Journal of Adolescent Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both according to the identity status theory and empirical research, identity achievement is the most mature identity status, while diffusion is the least sophisticated and adaptive status, and identity generally develops toward achievement with age (e.g., Berzonsky & Adams, 1999;Kroger, 2000Kroger, , 2003Marcia, 1993a, 1993b, Schwartz, 2001Waterman, 1999). Identity commitment has been found to be essential for personal well-being (e.g., Berzonsky, 2003;Fadjukoff & Pulkkinen, 2006;Meeus, Iedema, Helsen, &Vollebergh, 1999;Vleioras & Bosma, 2005). Yet, only about half of young people obtain an achieved identity by early adulthood (Kroger, 2000(Kroger, , 2007, and substantial identity development takes place during adult years for many people (Cramer, 2004;Fadjukoff et al, 2005;Josselson, 1996;Pulkkinen & Kokko, 2000).…”

Section: Changing Economic Conditions and Identity Formation In Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Economic Conditions and Identity Formation in Adulthood

Fadjukoff

Kokko

Pulkkinen

2010

European Psychologist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identity formation in political and occupational domains was examined from young to middle adulthood based on an ongoing longitudinal study. In addition to the participants' identity status (diffused, moratorium, foreclosed, achieved), we assessed their perceived importance of politics, future orientation, and career stability four times in adulthood, at ages 27, 36, 42, and 50. The number of participants varied between analyses, from 168 to 291. Changes in the economic situation in Finland from 1986 to 2009 provided a context for the study. Data collections at ages 36 (in 1995) and 50 (in 2009) took place during economic recessions, and at age 42 (in 2001) during an economic boom. The results were discussed from both agegraded and history-graded perspectives. Developmental trends in political and occupational identity were reversed across age and changes in the economic situation. Political identity was at its lowest level and occupational identity was at its highest level at age 42 during the economic boom. Political identity progressed at a time of economic recession at age 50, whereas occupational identity regressed. In women, identity changes were associated with personal career stability. The perceived importance of politics increased concurrently with political identity achievement. During the recession when they were age 50, women tended to worry about future financial problems, while men perceived their future depending decreasingly on themselves and increasingly on the world situation. The results indicate that macro-level economical conditions may have psychological implications on people's conceptions of themselves that are worth considering in developmental studies.

show abstract

“…Therefore, our hypothesis was that women are more advanced than men in parental identity development. As earlier school success (Fadjukoff & Pulkkinen, 2006) and length of education (Fadjukoff, Kokko, & Pulkkinen, 2007) have been found to relate to overall identity achievement (not including parental identity), we expected that higher education and, consequently, higher occupational status would also be associated with identity achievement in the parent role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erikson (1950Erikson ( , 1968 defined personal identity as an integrative intrapsychic structure wherein successful construction is an expression of mental vitality and experienced as a sense of psychosocial well-being. Accordingly, identity commitment is essential for one's well-being (e.g., Berzonsky, 2003;Fadjukoff & Pulkkinen, 2006;Meeus, Iedema, Helsen, &Vollebergh, 1999;Sneed, Whitbourne, Schwartz, & Huang, 2012;Vleioras & Bosma, 2005). In addition, generativity-the adult's concern for and commitment to guiding and caring for the next generation-has been identified as a key developmental task and precondition for psychological well-being, particularly in middle age (An & Cooney, 2006;Erikson, 1950Erikson, , 1959.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Identity and Its Relation to Parenting and Psychological Functioning in Middle Age

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSISObjective. This article focuses on identity as a parent in relation to parenting and psychological functioning in middle age. Design. Drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, 162 participants (53% females) with children (age 36), represented the Finnish age-cohort born in 1959. Parental identity was assessed at ages 36, 42, and 50. Results. In both women and men, parental identity achievement increased from age 36 to 42 and remained stable to 50. The level of parental identity achievement was higher in women than in men. Achievement was typical for women and foreclosure for men. Participants' education, occupational status, and number of offspring were not related to parental identity status. As expected, parental identity achievement was associated with authoritative (indicated by higher nurturance and parental knowledge about the child's activities) parenting style. No significant associations emerged between parental identity foreclosure and restrictiveness as an indicator of authoritarian parenting style. The diffused men outscored others in parental stress. Achieved parental identity was related to generativity in both genders and to higher psychological and social well-being in men. Conclusions. At present, many parenting programs are targeted to young parents. This study highlighted the importance of a later parenting phase at around age 40, when for many, the children are approaching puberty. Therefore, parenting programs and support should also be designed for middle-aged parents. Specifically men may need additional support for their active consideration and engagement in the fathering role.

show abstract

Identity Formation, Personal Control Over Development, and Well-Being

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Implications of Timing of Entering Adulthood for Identity Achievement

Implications of Timing of Entering Adulthood for Identity Achievement

Changing Economic Conditions and Identity Formation in Adulthood

Parental Identity and Its Relation to Parenting and Psychological Functioning in Middle Age

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About