Identity formation in Italian emerging adults: A cluster-analytic approach and associations with psychosocial functioning

Crocetti, Elisabetta; Luyckx, Koen; Scrignaro, M; Sica, Luigia Simona

doi:10.1080/17405629.2011.576858

Cited by 68 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The reason for such a rather avoidant attitude towards identity issues in men is not entirely clear but a possible explanation may lay in sex-role socialization processes and parenting behaviors (with more freedom and less supervision being granted for boys than for girls; Berzonsky, 2008; Berzonsky & Kinney, 2008). Other studies have found women to score higher on exploration in depth and ruminative exploration (Crocetti et al, 2011; Luyckx, Gandhi, Bijttebier, & Claes, 2015; Luyckx, Schwartz, Berzonsky, et al, 2008). These findings could be explained by the fact that women tend to be more indecisive in nature and are more information-oriented when being faced with a challenge (Rassin & Muris, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Individuals in foreclosure and achievement seem to show the most adaptive general functioning, as they score high on self-esteem and well-being (Crocetti, Luyckx, Scrignaro, & Sica, 2011; Schwartz et al, 2011). Conversely, individuals in moratorium and diffusion seem to experience more depressive symptoms, anxiety, and aggressive behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, individuals in moratorium and diffusion seem to experience more depressive symptoms, anxiety, and aggressive behavior. Especially individuals in troubled diffusion (characterized by high levels of ruminative exploration) show the least adaptive psychosocial functioning (Crocetti et al, 2011; Lillevoll, Kroger, & Martinussen, 2013; Schwartz et al, 2011). Hence, the development of a clear personal identity seems to protect individuals against a broad range of clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identity Statuses throughout Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Large-Scale Study into Gender, Age, and Contextual Differences

Verschueren¹,

Rassart²,

Claes³

et al. 2017

Psychologica Belgica

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Identity formation constitutes a core developmental task during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, it remains unclear how identity formation may vary across age, gender, and context (education vs. employment) in these developmental periods. The present study used a recently developed model to examine identity statuses or types in a sample of 7,906 Flemish individuals (14–30 years old; 64% female). As expected, achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, carefree diffusion, troubled diffusion, and an undifferentiated status emerged through cluster analysis. Women were overrepresented in the moratorium status (characterized by high exploration), whereas men were mainly situated in foreclosure and carefree diffusion statuses (both characterized by low exploration, but individuals in foreclosure having strong identity commitments as well). Individuals in the carefree and troubled diffusion statuses, which represent the least adaptive statuses, were youngest. High school students were overrepresented in the diffusion statuses and college students were mostly present in achievement (representing the most mature status) and moratorium. Finally, employed individuals were overrepresented in foreclosure, whereas unemployed individuals were mainly situated in troubled diffusion. In sum, the present study systematically examined relationships between empirically-identified identity statuses and socio-demographic variables in a large-scale sample, generating important information on age, gender, and contextual differences in identity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identity Statuses throughout Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Large-Scale Study into Gender, Age, and Contextual Differences

Verschueren¹,

Rassart²,

Claes³

et al. 2017

Psychologica Belgica

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“…In general, our results are in line with earlier research regarding identity formation and the studied outcome variables. The diffusion status has consistently been associated with poor well‐being, psychosocial functioning and need satisfaction in community samples (Crocetti, Luyckx, Scrignaro, & Sica, ; Gandhi et al, ; Lillevoll et al, ; Luyckx et al, ; Waterman, ). Correspondingly, studying a clinical sample of ED patients, we found the most comorbid difficulties in the identity disorder status—a more pathological form of the diffusion status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Processes and Statuses in Patients with and without Eating Disorders

Verschueren

Luyckx

Kaufman

et al. 2016

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Problems with identity formation are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying such problems and how they are refined into specific diagnostic presentations require further investigation. The present study investigated identity processes among 123 women with eating disorders (ED) and age-matched community controls via a newly developed identity model. Several clinical outcome variables were assessed. Patients with ED scored lower on committing to and identifying with identity-related choices and scored higher on maladaptive or ruminative exploration, identity diffusion and identity disorder. They also experienced less identity achievement as compared with controls. The identity disorder status was associated with the highest scores on anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder symptoms, and non-suicidal self-injury and the lowest scores on need satisfaction. Results indicate that patients with ED experience more identity problems than community controls and those captured by an identity disorder status experience the most problematic psychosocial functioning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

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“…Through the use of cluster analysis on this expanded set of identity dimensions, identity clusters similar to Marcia's original four identity statuses (i.e. achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, and diffusion), along with some new statuses, have emerged in North American, Belgian, and Italian samples (Crocetti, Luyckx, Scrignaro, & Sica, 2011;Luyckx, Schwartz, Goossens, Beyers, & Missotten, 2011;Schwartz et al, 2011). These cluster-analytic studies have made it possible to address some of the concerns that have been raised regarding the identity status paradigm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Personal Identity in College and the Work Context: Developmental Trajectories and Psychosocial Functioning

et al. 2013

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Personal identity formation represents a core developmental challenge for adolescents and young adults. Because much of the identity literature focuses on college students, it is necessary to conduct a detailed inquiry into the ways in which specific commitment and exploration processes develop over time for college students and for employed individuals. Two samples (456 college students and 318 employed individuals) were used to identify identity status trajectories over time and to examine external correlates of these trajectories (i.e. depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, identity centrality, community integration, and sense of adulthood). Similar identity trajectories emerged in both college students and employed individuals. Four of these trajectories corresponded to Marcia's identity statuses. In addition, apart from the ‘classical’ or troubled diffusion trajectory, a carefree diffusion trajectory was also obtained. Whereas individuals on an identity‐achieved pathway fared best in terms of the outcome measures, individuals in the troubled diffusion trajectory fared worst in terms of self‐esteem, depressive symptoms, and community integration over time. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Identity formation in Italian emerging adults: A cluster-analytic approach and associations with psychosocial functioning

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

Identity Statuses throughout Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Large-Scale Study into Gender, Age, and Contextual Differences

Identity Statuses throughout Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Large-Scale Study into Gender, Age, and Contextual Differences

Identity Processes and Statuses in Patients with and without Eating Disorders

Personal Identity in College and the Work Context: Developmental Trajectories and Psychosocial Functioning

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