Identity, ethnicity and state in Spain: 19th and 20th centuries

Beramendi, Justo G.

doi:10.1080/13537119908428571

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Even if there were some significant cultural differences between some ethnolinguistic groups in a particular nation, that would not necessarily make such groups a much better alternative as units of cultural analysis than nations. First, while nowadays it is easy to define a nation (a political entity that is a member of the United Nations) no such definition exists for “ethnic group.” Beramendi’s (2007) work illustrates how difficult it is to define the ethnic groups of Spain because these definitions have often depended on political developments. Currently, the governments of Bulgaria and Northern Macedonia are involved in a bitter dispute, with the participation of historians from both sides, concerning the historical difference (or the lack of a difference) between a Bulgarian and a Macedonian ethnicity.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Use Of Ethnolinguistic Groups As Units Of Cultural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Development and Modernization in Africa Homogenize National Cultures

Minkov

Kaasa

Welzel

2021

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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The nation-building literature of the early 1960s argued that decolonized countries need to overcome pre-colonial ethnic identities and generate national cultures. Africa is the most critical test case of this aspect of modernization theory as it has by far the largest ethnolinguistic fractionalization. We use data from the Afrobarometer to compare the cultures of 85 ethnolinguistic groups, each represented by at least 100 respondents, from 25 African countries. We compared these groups and their nations on items that address cultural modernization and emancipation: ideologies concerning inclusive-exclusive society (gender egalitarianism, homophobia, and xenophobia), submissiveness to authority, and the societal role of religion. Previous research has shown that these are some of the most important markers of cultural differences in the modern world. Hierarchical cluster analysis yielded very homogeneous national clusters and not a single ethnolinguistic cluster cutting across national borders (such as Yoruba of Benin and Yoruba of Nigeria, Ewe of Ghana, and Ewe of Togo, etc.). Only three ethnolinguistic groups (3.5%) remained unattached to their national cluster, regardless of the clustering method. The variation between nations ( F values) was often considerably greater than the variation between ethnolinguistic groups. Medial distances between the groups of each country correlated highly with GDP per person ( r = −.54), percentage men employed in agriculture ( r = .64), percentage men employed in services ( r = −.63), and phone subscriptions per person ( r = −.61). In conclusion, economic development and modernization diminish cultural differences between ethnolinguistic groups within nations, highlighting those between them.

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Section: Limitations Of the Use Of Ethnolinguistic Groups As Units Of Cultural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Development and Modernization in Africa Homogenize National Cultures

Minkov

Kaasa

Welzel

2021

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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“…Most conservative circles of Spanish society supported the Francoist regime (Conversi, 2000). Following the death of Franco, Spain underwent a democratic transition operation that took its shape with the adoption of the 1978 Constitution (Beramendi, 1999). This established a multicultural system in Spain and bestowed many self‐government and identity rights on the Basques, Catalans, and Galicians (Martinez‐Herrera & Miley, 2010; Moreno, 2007).…”

Section: Centripetalism: An Alternative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consociationalism under examination: Is consociationalism the optimal multiculturalist approach for Turkey?

Kolçak

2020

Digest Mid East Studies

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Some scholars maintain that the Republic of Turkey should construct a consociational model to manage its ethnocultural diversity. This article suggests consociationalism is not the optimal multiculturalist approach for Turkey, where there is some degree of interethnic moderation between ethnic Kurds and Turks at the grassroots level. In the presence of this mass-based moderation, a consociational formula is unlikely to provide Turkish political leaders with political incentives that urge them to cooperate and enter into consociational power-sharing arrangements with their Kurdish counterparts. This renders consociational power-sharing arrangements difficult to promote or enforce in Turkey. In the absence of such incentives, any multicultural reform of the consociational formula would not be sustainable in Turkey. There would simply not be enough popular support for such reforms. There are some electoral strategies that offer both majority and minority leaders political incentives to move toward the moderate middle, form interethnic coalitions, foster interculturalism, and increase the number of intercultural citizens. These strategies are offered by centripetalism, another multiculturalist approach to managing ethno-cultural diversity.

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Nationalism, identity and landscape in contemporary Galicia

Warf

Ferrás

2015

Space and Polity

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Identity, ethnicity and state in Spain: 19th and 20th centuries

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Economic Development and Modernization in Africa Homogenize National Cultures

Economic Development and Modernization in Africa Homogenize National Cultures

Consociationalism under examination: Is consociationalism the optimal multiculturalist approach for Turkey?

Nationalism, identity and landscape in contemporary Galicia

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