Identity disturbances and self-other differentiation in schizophrenics, borderlines, and normal controls

Bonis, M. de; Boeck, Paul De; Lida-Pulik, Hélène; Féline, A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(95)90117-5

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…self-injurious behavior) to regulate negative affective states [34]; (2) identity disturbance was found in half of the patients with personality disorders [35], and substantially higher incidences were found (e.g. 86% in the Risskov-I-study [36]); (3) in comparison with normal controls, contrasting attributes were identified more often in the self-description of patients with BPD [37]; (4) patients with BPD and severe identity disturbance showed a less favorable psychotherapeutic treatment outcome compared to those with less severe identity disturbance [17], and (5) in a factor analysis to ascertain whether identity disturbance is a unitary construct, Wilkinson-Ryan and Westen [38] distinguished 4 identity disturbance factors: role absorption, painful incoherence, inconsistency, and lack of commitment. All 4 factors, but particularly painful incoherence, distinguish patients with BPD from patients with a history of sexual abuse without BPD diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2011

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Background: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from instability in their relationships, their affectivity, and their identity. However, the associations between these dimensions are not clear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between identity diffusion and psychopathology in BPD. Methods: In the second week of inpatient treatment, 52 patients with BPD were assessed with the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) and questionnaires measuring general psychiatric symptoms, mood states, and negative affects (SCL-90-R, BDI, STAI, and STAXI). A median split was examined to differentiate BPD patients with high identity diffusion from those with low identity diffusion. Results: BPD patients with high identity diffusion did not differ in their social data from BPD patients with low identity diffusion. However, BPD patients with high identity diffusion showed significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptoms, as well as higher anxiety, anger, and depression scores (p < 0.01). Moreover, they suffered more frequently from concurrent personality disorders (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate an association of identity diffusion with psychopathological symptoms and features of personality disorder and emphasize the clinical significance of identity diffusion for patients with BPD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2011

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“…Thus, BPD patients appear to be able to perceive and differentiate self- versus other-relevant information like healthy controls at an automatic processing level. Our data suggest that there exist no abnormalities in the automatic differentiation between self- and other-related information during the perception of affective words in BPD, even though research using self-report and interviewing techniques has observed abnormalities in representations of the self and others in patients with BPD [19,26] and a lack of differentiated and integrated representations of the self and others [27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…There is evidence that as childhood experiences of punishment increase, the ability in adulthood to accurately identify affect in others and understand social situations deteriorates [25]. Findings from previous research using self-report and interviewing techniques have found empirical evidence for abnormalities in the representations of the self and others in patients with BPD [19,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline Personality Disorder and Automatic Processing of Valence and Self-Other Relevance Information

Donges

Dukalski²,

Suslow³

2016

Psychopathology

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Background: Enhanced sensitivity to emotion stimuli and poor differentiation between self and others have been proposed to be important features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Automatic processing of affective stimuli provides information about valence (positive vs. negative) and relevance of valence (self vs. other). The objectives of our study were to investigate the efficiency of automatic processing of valence and relevance at a semantic level in BPD compared to healthy individuals. Sampling and Methods: A masked affective priming task, varying the valence and relevance of prime and target adjectives, was administered to 33 women with BPD and 33 healthy women. The forward and backward masked primes were shown for 50 ms. Subjects had the task of evaluating target words. Results: In the whole sample, a significant affective priming effect and a significant relevance priming effect occurred. BPD patients did not significantly differ from healthy individuals in affective priming or relevance priming after controlling for age, education, and intelligence. The presence of comorbid somatoform disorders was associated with increased affective priming and reduced relevance priming in BPD patients. Conclusions: The efficiency of automatic recognition and the processing of valence information at a semantic level are not impaired in BPD. Moreover, BPD patients are able to perceive and differentiate automatically self- versus other-relevance during the perception of affective information like healthy controls. Thus, there is no evidence for enhanced sensitivity to emotion stimuli or poor differentiation between self and others in BPD at a very early stage of processing. The presence of somatoform disorders appears to influence affective as well as relevance priming in BPD.

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“…Failing to differentiate oneself is an unpleasant experience (Fromkin, 1972), and, at the extreme, can be associated with psychological disorders (de Bonis, De Boeck, Lida-Pulik, & Feline, 1995).…”

Section: Demographic Dissimilarity and Strivings For Belonging And DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans' desire for belonging is considered a basic and universal need (Baumeister & Leary, 1995;Bowlby, 1969;Maslow, 1968); hence, people experience low academic achievement, reduced meaning in life, emotional distress, or even physical pathology when they are socially disconnected (Barden, Garber, Leiman, Ford, & Masters, 1985;Leary, 1990;Lynch, 1977;Murphy, Steele, & Gross, 2007;Stillman et al, 2009; Running head: ETHNIC DISSIMILARITY AND THE BELONGING MOTIVE 6 Walton & Cohen, 2007, 2011. However, individuals also have a basic need to be distinct from others (Lynn & Snyder, 2002;Snyder & Fromkin, 1980;Vignoles et al, 2000).Failing to differentiate oneself is an unpleasant experience (Fromkin, 1972), and, at the extreme, can be associated with psychological disorders (de Bonis, De Boeck, Lida-Pulik, & Feline, 1995).Contextual factors that highlight an individual's difference from, or similarity to, others are likely to either frustrate or satisfy these two motives. For instance, Murphy and colleagues (2007) found that when female math, science, and engineering (MSE) undergraduates viewed a supposed advertising video for an MSE leadership conference that was composed of 3 men and 1 woman, they reported lower anticipated belonging at the conference than when the video was gender balanced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic dissimilarity predicts belonging motive frustration and reduced organizational attachment

Kim

Ormiston

Easterbrook

et al. 2017

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Some empirical studies show negative consequences of being demographically different from one's group, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not well understood. To address this gap, we investigated the role of the belonging and distinctiveness motives in individuals' experiences of being ethnically dissimilar from their group. We propose that ethnic dissimilarity satisfies group members' need for distinctiveness whereas it frustrates members' need for belonging, and this frustration reduces their organizational attachment. An experimental study showed that ethnic dissimilarity led to heightened arousal of the belonging motive, indicating that this motive was frustrated. In a naturalistic study of real-life student groups, ethnic dissimilarity was associated with frustrated belonging, which in turn was associated with reduced organizational attachment. This paper contributes to the literature of demographic dissimilarity in groups by closely examining the effect of demographic dissimilarity on group members' fundamental motives and reactions to group membership.Keywords: demographic dissimilarity; group diversity; belonging motive; distinctiveness motive; identity shift Running head: ETHNIC DISSIMILARITY AND THE BELONGING MOTIVE 2 Both academics and management practitioners highlight the value of demographic diversity, particularly with regards to group tasks. Diversity in work groups can lead to high quality group outcomes because of the varied perspectives and knowledge within the group (Cox, Lobel, & McLeod, 1991;McLeod, Lobel, & Cox, 1996), tolerance of dissenting ideas (Phillips & Loyd, 2006), and thorough information processing (Sommers, Warp, & Mahoney, 2008). However, diversity can also have detrimental effects on individual group members. Indeed, individuals who are demographically dissimilar from their group, at times, suffer from a host of individual problems, such as reduced satisfaction and commitment, as well as higher absenteeism and turnover (e.g., Chatman & Flynn, 2001;Guillaume, Brodbeck, & Riketta, 2012;Jackson et al., 1991;Liao, Joshi, & Chuang, 2004;Riordan & Shore, 1997;Tsui, Egan, & O'Reilly, 1992; but see Guillaume, Van Knippenberg, & Brodbeck, 2014).One key mechanism proposed to explain these negative effects is motivated identity construction, or how individuals define themselves to satisfy basic identity motives (Ashforth & Mael, 1989;Vignoles, 2011). Drawing on social identity (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and self-categorization theories (SCT; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987), group diversity researchers have suggested that group members routinely categorize themselves in relation to other members based on salient demographic Running head: ETHNIC DISSIMILARITY AND THE BELONGING MOTIVE 3 characteristics, and these self-definition processes affect members' experiences in groups through motive satisfaction/frustration (Chatman, Polzer, Barsade, & Neale, 1998;Tsui et al., 1992).Among several motives that can guide identity processes (Ashforth & Mael, 1989...

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Identity disturbances and self-other differentiation in schizophrenics, borderlines, and normal controls

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder and Automatic Processing of Valence and Self-Other Relevance Information

Ethnic dissimilarity predicts belonging motive frustration and reduced organizational attachment

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