Identity and Potential Functions of Heterotrophic Bacterial Isolates from a Continuous-Upflow Fixed-Bed Reactor for Denitrification of Drinking Water with Bacterial Polyester as Source of Carbon and Electron Donor

Mergaert, Joris; Boley, A.; Cnockaert, Margo; Müller, W.; Swings, Jean

doi:10.1078/0723-2020-00037

Cited by 82 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Promising solid substrates for denitrification are polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and some other biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. To date, SPD processes using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) 31) and its copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalarate) (PHBV) 6,26,30) , have been most intensively studied. The application of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to SPD processes has also been reported [4][5][6]22) .…”

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Activity and Community Composition of Denitrifying Bacteria in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-Using Solid-phase Denitrification Processes

et al. 2007

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Two laboratory-scale solid-phase denitrification (SPD) reactors, designated reactors A and B, for nitrogen removal were constructed by acclimating activated sludge with pellets and flakes of poly(3-hydoxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as the sole added substrate under denitrifying conditions, respectively. The average denitrification rate in both reactors was 60 mg NO3 − -N g −1 (dry wt) h −1 under steady-state conditions, whereas washed sludge taken from the reactors showed an average denitrification rate of 20 mg NO3-N g −1 (dry wt) hwith fresh PHBV as the sole substrate. The difference in the denitrification rate between the two might be due to the bioavailability of intermediate metabolites as the substrate for denitrification, because acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were detected in the reactors. Most of the predominant denitrifiers isolated quantitatively by the platecounting method using non-selective agar medium were unable to degrade PHBV and were identified as members of genera of the class Betaproteobacteria by studying 16S rRNA gene sequence information. nirS and nosZ gene clone library-based analyses of the microbial community from SPD reactor A showed that most of the nirS and nosZ clones proved to be derived from members of the family Comamonadaceae and other phylogenetic groups of the Betaproteobacteria. These results suggest that the efficiency of denitrification in the PHBV-SPD process is affected by the availability of intermediate metabolites as possible reducing-power sources as well as of the solid substrate, and that particular species of the Betaproteobacteria play the primary role in denitrification in this process.

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“…In this connection, several strains of PHB-and PHBV-degrading denitrifying bacteria have been isolated and characterized from activated sludge and PHA-utilizing SPD processes 3,[24][25][26]30,38) . A representative of PHB-degrading denitrifiers is Diaphorobacter nitroreducens 25) .…”

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Activity and Community Composition of Denitrifying Bacteria in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-Using Solid-phase Denitrification Processes

et al. 2007

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“…This type of nitrogen removal process, called here the solid-phase denitrification process, may have some advantages, e.g., a constant supply of reducing power, no secondary organic pollution, and ease of operation. A promising solid substrate for denitrification is the bacterial polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) (6,30,40,52), which serves as the source of biodegradable plastic (4,17,34,50). The biodegradability of PHBV in natural environments has been extensively studied, and a number of PHBV-degrading bacteria have been isolated and characterized (1, 11, 38, 39, 41-43, 45, 55).…”

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Members of the Family Comamonadaceae as Primary Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)-Degrading Denitrifiers in Activated Sludge as Revealed by a Polyphasic Approach

Khan

Horiba

Yamamoto

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

209

131

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The distribution and phylogenetic affiliations of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-degrading denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge were studied by a polyphasic approach including cultureindependent biomarker and molecular analyses as well as cultivation methods. A total of 23 strains of PHBV-degrading denitrifiers were isolated from activated sludges from different sewage treatment plants. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence comparisons showed that 20 of the isolates were identified as members of the family Comamonadaceae, a major group of ␤-Proteobacteria. When the sludges from different plants were acclimated with PHBV under denitrifying conditions in laboratory scale reactors, the nitrate removal rate increased linearly during the first 4 weeks and reached 20 mg NO 3 ؊ -N h ؊1 g of dry sludge ؊1 at the steady state. The bacterial-community change in the laboratory scale sludges during the acclimation was monitored by rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization and quinone profiling. Both approaches showed that the population of ␤-Proteobacteria in the laboratory sludges increased sharply during acclimation regardless of their origins. 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed from two different acclimated sludges, and a total of 37 clones from the libraries were phylogenetically analyzed. Most of the 16S rDNA clones were grouped with members of the family Comamonadaceae. The results of our polyphasic approach indicate that ␤-Proteobacteria, especially members of the family Comamonadaceae, are primary PHBV-degrading denitrifiers in activated sludge. Our data provide useful information for the development of a new nitrogen removal system with solid biopolymer as an electron donor.Biological denitrification is an important process for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Published reports suggest that 10 to 90% of bacteria in the activated-sludge system are capable of denitrification (16,33,44). However, the system is often confronted with the problem that the efficiency of nitrogen removal decreases due to low availability of organic matter as the reducing power for denitrification. To overcome this problem, a simple organic compound, such as methanol or acetate, is added intentionally as an electron donor to the denitrification process (16). In recent years, a new biotechnology of nitrogen removal using solid biopolymer as the electron donor has been developed (7). This type of nitrogen removal process, called here the solid-phase denitrification process, may have some advantages, e.g., a constant supply of reducing power, no secondary organic pollution, and ease of operation. A promising solid substrate for denitrification is the bacterial polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) (6, 30, 40, 52), which serves as the source of biodegradable plastic (4,17,34,50). The biodegradability of PHBV in natural environments has been extensively studied, and a number of PHBV-degrading bacteria have been isolated and characterized (1, 11, 38, 39, 41-43, 45, 55). The asso...

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“…This approach to nitrogen removal, which is called the solid-phase denitrification (SPD) process [1,2], has some advantages over the conventional process using liquid substrates, e.g., constant supply of reducing power and easiness in system control. External solid substrates widely used for the SPD process are biodegradable polyesers applied as biodegradable plastics, such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) [3] and its copolymer with 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) [4][5][6]. Other biodegradable plastics used for denitrification are poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [7][8][9][10][11], poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) [12], and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) [13][14][15][16].…”

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Nitrate removal performance of Diaphorobacter nitroreducens using biodegradable plastics as the source of reducing power

Khan

Nagao

Hiraishi

2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Strain NA10B T and other two strains of the denitrifying betaproteobacterium Diaphorobacter nitroreducens were studied for the performance of solid-phase denitrification (SPD) using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and some other biodegradable plastics as the source of reducing power in wastewater treatment. Sequencing-batch SPD reactors with these organisms and PHBV granules or flakes as the substrate exhibited good nitrate removal performance. Vial tests using cultures from these parent reactors showed higher nitrate removal rates with PHBV granules (ca. 20 mg-NO 3 --N g -1 [dry wt cells] h -1 ) than with PHBV pellets and flakes. In continuous-flow SPD reactors using strain NA10B T and PHBV flakes, nitrate was not detected even at a loading rate of 21 mg-NO 3 --N L -1 h -1 . This corresponded to a nitrate removal rate of 47 mg-NO 3 --N g -1 (dry wt cells) h -1 . In the continuous-flow reactor, the transcription level of the phaZ gene, coding for PHB depolymerase, decreased with time, while that of the nosZ gene, involved in denitrificaiton, was relatively constant. These results suggest that the bioavailability of soluble metabolites as electron donor and carbon sources increases with time in the continuous-flow SPD process, thereby having much higher nitrate removal rates than the process with fresh PHBV as the substrate.

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Identity and Potential Functions of Heterotrophic Bacterial Isolates from a Continuous-Upflow Fixed-Bed Reactor for Denitrification of Drinking Water with Bacterial Polyester as Source of Carbon and Electron Donor

Cited by 82 publications

References 17 publications

Activity and Community Composition of Denitrifying Bacteria in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-Using Solid-phase Denitrification Processes

Activity and Community Composition of Denitrifying Bacteria in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-Using Solid-phase Denitrification Processes

Members of the Family Comamonadaceae as Primary Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)-Degrading Denitrifiers in Activated Sludge as Revealed by a Polyphasic Approach

Nitrate removal performance of Diaphorobacter nitroreducens using biodegradable plastics as the source of reducing power

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