Identity and othering in past and present: Representations of the Soviet era in Estonian post-Soviet textbooks

Kello, Katrin

doi:10.5964/jspp.v5i2.737

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These six nations represent different histories, positions, and policies in the European context, as well as different educational systems and textbook traditions. The influence of lived or communicative memory and politics on textbooks may vary between countries and over time (Kello, 2017). For example, Hungarian schoolbooks are currently created in a state-run centre.…”

Section: Context: Six Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

European unification as lived memory: Shared and diverse representations in textbooks of six countries

Sakki

Hakoköngäs

Brescó

et al. 2020

Asian J of Social Psycho

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Concerned about a lack of legitimacy, European Union (EU) institutions have increasingly engaged in memory politics to enhance European identity. Yet, memory of the EU is still closely connected to the collective identity formation of nation-states, especially in the field of education, the focus of this study. Inspired by this dilemma, the present paper examines the representations of European unification in textbooks of six countries: Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Finland, Hungary, and Estonia. By focusing on countries on the margins of Europe, the present study explores shared and diverse narratives of the European unification process and asks whether or not a shared historical charter of European unification exists. All together 86 history textbooks used in upper secondary school were analysed by adopting a threestep multi-method approach. The results suggest that the representation of European unification is more diverse than it is homogenous. It can be narrated as a political value community or as a community based on utilitarian interests, or it can be represented from a unified European or from a more national perspective. Exploring representations of European unification is crucial to understanding how they can be used as legitimizing charters to navigate through the European challenges of the 21st century.

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Section: Context: Six Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

European unification as lived memory: Shared and diverse representations in textbooks of six countries

Sakki

Hakoköngäs

Brescó

et al. 2020

Asian J of Social Psycho

Self Cite

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“…More specifically, common across the comments cited above is the invocation of two diametrically opposed groups: (a) they, corresponding to a broad out-group of activists, the Aquinos, and others who fought Marcos; and (b) we, an in-group referring to the Filipino people represented as good citizens who were betrayed but will no longer be fooled. Past work illustrates that depending on varying historical representations, different moral standards may be used to legitimize or delegitimize present conditions (Kello, 2018;Sibley, Liu, Duckitt, & Khan, 2008). In this context, system-justifying rhetorical questions (if martial law is not good) and legalistic logic (it's only right) are used to nostalgically look back to the absolute good of Marcosian governance structures.…”

Section: Study 2: Informal Representations Of the Marcos Dictatorshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nostalgic remembering of the dictatorship on social media-which here encompasses reactive, conspiratorial thinking-may thus viably arise out of political distrust founded on lived material inequities (Bou Zeineddine & Pratto, 2014). These inequities further become salient as the public's relationship with these events grows increasingly distant over time (Kello, 2018). Such volatile conditions constitute a ripe social psychological landscape for new authoritarian leaders promising the salvific hope of a new 'golden age' (Khan et al, 2017;.…”

Section: Contested Memories In Fragile Democraciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veiled apologetics and insurgent nostalgia: Sociogenesis of contested memories of the Marcos dictatorship

Uyheng

Roxas

Herras

2020

Asian J of Social Psycho

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Across many nascent democracies, living historical memories of past conflicts are vulnerable to contestation. Past scholarship explains such mnemonic dissonances as the outcome of either broad cultural scripts or top-down political maneuvering. Building on these insights, we utilize the concept of sociogenesis to show how contested memories are semiotically mediated within institutional and informal spaces. Across two studies, we employ mixed methods designs to examine social representations of the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines, using (a) nationally endorsed history textbooks (N = 86 pages), and (b) online comments (N = 9605) on public YouTube videos (N = 978). We find that textbooks construct the dictatorship in terms of veiled apologetics, leveraging representational strategies of balanced reportage to commensurate the dictatorship's legacies of abuse against contributions to economic and infrastructure programs. Meanwhile, social media messages represent the regime in terms of insurgent nostalgia, which yearns for a mythologized past under the strongman Marcos in rejection of an elite-coded democratic present. We discuss implications of our findings for broader social psychological discussions of living historical memories in the context of structural fragility, linking to related debates on critical history education, digital democracy, and the resurgence of authoritarianism locally and worldwide.

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“…i) The role of primary handling editor for each of the manuscripts present in this special thematic section was as follows: Ana Figueiredo -Brasil & Cabecinhas (2017), Mukherjee et al (2017), Kello (2017), Roth et al (2017) and Cheung et al (2017). Jonas Rees - Smeekes et al (2017), Martinovic et al (2017) and Andrighetto et al (2017).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective memories and present-day intergroup relations: Introduction to the Special Thematic Section

Figueiredo

Martinović

Rees

et al. 2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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This special thematic section aims to bring together current research on the connections between collective memories -or representations of history -and present-day intergroup relations. Drawing from a multitude of geographical and historical contexts as well as different methodologies, we bring forth ten articles focusing on distinct aspects of the relations between representations of the past and present day intergroup dynamics. The topics covered in these articles focus on one or more of the four research lines identified within this field: 1) the antecedents of collective memories; 2) the contents and structure of collective memories; 3) the official or institutional transmission of collective memories; and 4) distinct socio-psychological correlates of collective memories in present-day societies. Together, the contributions in this special thematic section showcase current directions of research within the field and highlight the need to consider the role of representations of the past for understanding present day instances of intergroup conflict or harmony. We discuss the need for more interdisciplinary work in this field, as well as more applied research in the future.Keywords: collective memories, representations of history, intergroup relations, conflict, collective forgetting, group-based emotions Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2017, Vol. 5(2), 694-706, doi:10.5964/jspp.v5i2.895 Published (VoR): 2018-02-05.Handling Editor: Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA *Corresponding author at: Public Policy Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Chile, Campus Alonso de Córdova, Avenida Alonso de Córdova 5495 Dept. 1405, Las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile. E-mail: figueiredo.anacm@gmail.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.History is regularly mobilized by politicians, activists or the media to justify, contextualize, or legitimize ideological claims, proposals for a course of action, or political and societal standpoints. This mobilization of history is nevertheless selective: depending on their specific aims, people will choose particular historical events, moments or figures to strengthen their arguments or champion their goals. Interestingly, the very same event or "chapter" of the past may be used by different political actors, to achieve quite different aims: Past wrongdoing can be framed as "historical responsibility" that needs to be remembered or as a stain on the country's image that should be Journal of Social and Political Psychology jspp.psychopen.eu | 2195-3325 forgotten. Thus, remembering the past cannot be conceived of as an objective recollection of historical events, without consideration of the affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects that influence such recollection.According to t...

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Identity and othering in past and present: Representations of the Soviet era in Estonian post-Soviet textbooks

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

European unification as lived memory: Shared and diverse representations in textbooks of six countries

European unification as lived memory: Shared and diverse representations in textbooks of six countries

Veiled apologetics and insurgent nostalgia: Sociogenesis of contested memories of the Marcos dictatorship

Collective memories and present-day intergroup relations: Introduction to the Special Thematic Section

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