Identity and Interspecific Transfer of Gentamicin-Resistance Plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jaffe, HaroldW.; Sweeney, Helen M.; Nathan, Catherine; Weinstein, Robert A.; Kabins, Sherwin A.; Cohen, Sidney

doi:10.1093/infdis/141.6.738

Cited by 112 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results provide evidence for staphylococci sharing a common gene pool, most probably by exchanging conjugative plasmids. Similar conclusions have been drawn from studies of conjugative plasmids encoding gentamicin resistance (Jaffe et aL, 1980;Cohen, Wong and Falkow, 1982;Archer and Johnston, 1983;Archer, Dietrick and Johnston, 1985;Forbes and Schaberg, 1983;McDonnell, Sweeney and Cohen, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

CONJUGATIVE, STAPHYLOCOCCAL PLASMIDS CARRYING HITCH‐HIKING TRANSPOSONS SIMILAR TO Tn554: INTRA‐AND INTERSPECIES DISSEMINATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE

Townsend¹,

Bolton²,

Ashdown³

et al. 1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Two staphylococcal plasmids, pWG4 and pWG25, encode production of a diffusible pigment and resistance to erythromycin and spectinomycin. The former was found occurring naturally in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and the latter in S. epidermidis. Both plasmids are conjugative, capable of high-frequency, interspecies transfer, only isolated in the open-circular form and identical in molecular weight and pattern of restriction-endonuclease fragments. The only difference between the plasmids is in the expression of resistance, pWG4 encoding inducible and pWG25 constitutive erythromycin resistance. The resistance determinants of both plasmids behave as hitch-hiking transposons in cultural conditions that favour phage-mediated or phage-independent conjugation, always inserting a copy of themselves into the recipient's chromosome, except in 5. epidermidis in which the chromosomal insertion site may be absent. The resistance determinants have been cloned and located on a 4-7 kbp £coRl////>!t/IlI restriction fragment which has a restriction map similar to that of the right arm of Tn554 (Murphy and Lofdahl, 1984). The hitch-hiking transposon of plasmid pWG25 has been designated Tn3853.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

CONJUGATIVE, STAPHYLOCOCCAL PLASMIDS CARRYING HITCH‐HIKING TRANSPOSONS SIMILAR TO Tn554: INTRA‐AND INTERSPECIES DISSEMINATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE

Townsend¹,

Bolton²,

Ashdown³

et al. 1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…This is interesting because of the increasing evidence that CNS colonizing the surface of the skin are able to transfer antibiotic resistance to the more virulent Staph. aureus (Jaffe et al 1980;Archer & Johnston, 1983) as well as to other species of CNS (Naidoo & Noble, 1987). If slime-producing multi-resistant Staph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens

Deighton¹,

Franklin

Spicer

et al. 1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYTwo hundred and seventy-five consecutive clinical isolates of coagulasenegative staphylococci, including strains associated with disease, contaminants and skin colonizers, were speciated, tested for slime production and for their sensitivity to a range of antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly identified species, comprising 63 % of all isolates. Slime production was detected in half the strains of Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph. saprophyticus but was rare in other species. Most Staph. haemolyticus strains and approximately half of the Staph. epidermidis strains were resistant to five or more antibiotics. A significant association was found between slime production and multiple antibiotic resistance. For catheter-associated strains, clinical relevance was predictable by species i.e. Staph. epidermidis. Multi-resistant slime-positive Staph. haemolyticus strains, although infrequently associated with disease, were common skin colonizers, presumably acquired from the hospital environment. We describe a practical and inexpensive scheme for the speciation of human coagulasenegative staphylococcal isolates.

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“…The discovery of closely related plasmids and resistance elements among bacteria within the staphylococcal group [27,49] suggests that horizontal gene transfer takes place. Such an exchange has been demonstrated both in the laboratory and on human skin [20]. Cycling of resistance determinants with commensal CNS is probably important for maintenance and spread of resistance in coagulasepositive staphylococci.…”

Section: The Normal Flora Of the Skinmentioning

confidence: 94%

Resistance to antibiotics in the normal flora of animals

Sørum¹,

Sunde²

2001

Vet. Res.

212

142

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Summary -The normal bacterial flora contains antibiotic resistance genes to various degrees, even in individuals with no history of exposure to commercially prepared antibiotics. Several factors seem to increase the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in feces. One important factor is the exposure of the intestinal flora to antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics used as feed additives seem to play an important role in the development of antibiotic resistance in normal flora bacteria. The use of avoparcin as a feed additive has demonstrated that an antibiotic considered "safe" is responsible for increased levels of antibiotic resistance in the normal flora enterococci of animals fed with avoparcin and possibly in humans consuming products from these animals. However, other factors like stress from temperature, crowding, and management also seem to contribute to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in normal flora bacteria. The normal flora of animals has been studied with respect to the development of antibiotic resistance over four decades, but there are few studies with the intestinal flora as the main focus. The results of earlier studies are valuable when focused against the recent understanding of mobile genetics responsible for bacterial antibiotic resistance. New studies should be undertaken to assess whether the development of antibiotic resistance in the normal flora is directly linked to the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. Bacteria of the normal flora, often disregarded scientifically, should be studied with the intention of using them as active protection against infectious diseases and thereby contributing to the overall reduction of use of antibiotics in both animals and humans.normal bacterial flora / antibiotic resistance / feed additives / genetic exchange / preventive management Résumé -Résistance aux antibiotiques dans la flore normale des animaux. La flore bactérienne normale contient des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques, à des niveaux divers, même chez des individus n'ayant jamais été exposés à des préparations commerciales d'antibiotiques. Plusieurs facteurs semblent augmenter le nombre de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques dans les selles. Un facteur important est l'exposition de la flore intestinale aux antibiotiques. Les antibiotiques utilisés comme additif alimentaire semblent avoir un rôle important dans le développement de la résistance aux antibiotiques dans la flore bactérienne normale. L'utilisation de l'avoparcine comme additif alimentaire a montré qu'un antibiotique considéré sans danger est responsable de l'augmentation des taux de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les entérocoques de la flore normale d'animaux ayant reçu de Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 227-241 227

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Identity and Interspecific Transfer of Gentamicin-Resistance Plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Cited by 112 publications

References 27 publications

CONJUGATIVE, STAPHYLOCOCCAL PLASMIDS CARRYING HITCH‐HIKING TRANSPOSONS SIMILAR TO Tn554: INTRA‐AND INTERSPECIES DISSEMINATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE

CONJUGATIVE, STAPHYLOCOCCAL PLASMIDS CARRYING HITCH‐HIKING TRANSPOSONS SIMILAR TO Tn554: INTRA‐AND INTERSPECIES DISSEMINATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE

Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens

Resistance to antibiotics in the normal flora of animals

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