Identity and host alternation of some willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in England

Pei, M. H.; Royle, D. J.; Hunter, T.

doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81160-x

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is known that the majority of rusts affecting willows are unable to complete their life cycle on the willow host but instead need to pass through an alternate host such as European larch Larix decidua (Mill.) (Pei, Royle & Hunter 1993), consequently infections of foliar rust arise each season from external sources. The use of genotype mixtures has been suggested in the control of this rust pathogen (Dawson & McCracken 1995;Parker, Arnold & Royle 1996;McCracken & Dawson 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Planting of willow genotype mixtures for biomass production has been suggested as a non-chemical strategy for pest management. Basic information on spatial dynamics of important insects and pathogens is necessary for the effective deployment of host genotypes in a plantation. In 1998 and 1999 the degree and spatial distribution of damage by Melampsora spp. and Phratora vulgatissima were studied concurrently in a field trial containing monocultures of willow Salix genotypes with different willow rust and beetle susceptibilities, and two design mixtures (random or regular) of three or five genotypes. 2. For both years, there was more rust and beetle damage on plants in monocultures than in mixtures. There were significant differences in the vertical distribution of beetle damage along stems between plantation designs for the 2 years, yet only in 1999 for rust. Rust severity along stems was significantly correlated between leaves, indicating localized spread of disease. In contrast, beetle damage severity along stems was weakly correlated between alternate leaves and leaves farther apart, suggesting beetle movement from tree to tree. 3. In 1998, spatial distribution of rust was aggregated in 67% of plots studied and in 40% for beetles. There was no significant difference in the distribution of beetle damage between planting design, but rust was aggregated in 75% of mixtures and 33% of monocultures. While beetle damage distribution was similar between years, rust was aggregated in all monoculture plots but in only 8% of mixtures in 1999. The difference between years and design for rust was probably because of the later stage of rust development in 1999 and the delaying effect of mixtures on this development. 4. In 1998, there were significant negative correlations between the extent of rust and beetle damage on individual trees. However, only 20% of plots showed a significant spatial dissociation between these two types of damage. There were fewer discernible interactions in 1999. 5. Plantation design provides the basis for integrated control of rust and beetle damage within willow cropping systems by delaying the spread and development of both organisms. Both pest and disease can be assessed successfully simultaneously under field conditions, a major saving in human resources. Initial selection of willow mixture configuration should primarily take into account the effects of spatial design on rust development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Melampsora epitea forms telia mostly on the lower surface of leaves and has even-walled teliospores, whereas M. capraearum produces telia on the upper leaf surface and has teliospores with thickened upper walls (Pei et al, 1993). The two species were identified by examining teliospores in leaf sections under a light microscope.…”

Section: Identification Of Rust Species and Pathotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–pathogen relationship between Salix and Melampsora sheds light on the parentage of some biomass willows

1999

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The association between willow (Salix) and rust (Melampsora) is highly specific. Willows named Salix burjatica, S. dasyclados (S.idasyclados) and S.icalodendron are important in renewable-energy plantations in the UK and western Europe. There has been much controversy over their origin, species status and nomenclature. It has been suggested that they have originated from hybridization between. S. caprea, S. viminalis and S. cinerea. In the present work, 59 willow clones were investigated through morphological examination and detached leaf inoculation using willow differentials, for their association, in southwest England, with M. capraearum and three pathotypes of Melampsora epitea (Me-A, B and C).

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“…Another argument in favour of the establishment of plantations is that apart from an occasional willow rust infection (Dawson and McCracken, 1995;McCracken and Dawson, 1998;PEI et al, 1993) and damage caused by willow leaf beetles (Ahman, and Lövgren, 1995;Larsson, 1998;Peacock et al, 1999; Sylvén and Lövgren, 1995) they do not tend to be attached by pathogens or pests, and in the majority of cases no crop protection activities are required in such plantations. Moreover, these plantations absorb considerable amounts of carbon-dioxide (Lemus and The increasing frequency of weather extremes however, necessitates further studies to ensure optimum nutrient supplies for energy wood plantations established in unfavourable growing sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Production of Energy Willow Under Unfavourable Field Conditions

Mikó¹,

Kovács²,

Alexa³

et al. 2014

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The production of woody energy crops may offer a real alternative for the utilisation of unfavourable cropping sites during the coming years. An experiment with woody energy crops on rustbrown forest soil was set up in 2007 at the Crop Production and Biomass Utilisation Demonstration Centre of Szent István University in the town of Gödöllő. The experiment was aimed at studying five willow varieties (Tora, Tordis, Inger, Sven, Csala) at three different nutrient levels (control, fertilisers, compost). We were seeking for the nutrient treatment and the variety that would produce the best results in a two-year harvesting schedule.In 2009 the average (50.8 t/ha) of the plots where fertilisers were applied exceeded the control yield (38.6 t/ha) by 31.6% which was even exceeded by the plots where compost was applied (40.6 t/ha) by 5.2%. In 2011 the yields after the application of fertilisers (51.0 t/ha) and compost (49.2 t/ha) exceeded the control yield (37.5 t/ha) by 36.0% and 31.2%, respectively. In 2009 a 22.9% while in 2011 a 49.7% difference was found between the average yields of the two different groups of varieties, respectively. The Tordis and Sven varieties fell short of, while Csala, Inger and Tora exceeded the 40 t/ha two-year biomass yield in both 2009 and 2010. In view of the impacts of the different growing seasons further studies will need to be carried out in order to be able to choose the variety that is best suited to the given site.

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Identity and host alternation of some willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in England

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Host–pathogen relationship between Salix and Melampsora sheds light on the parentage of some biomass willows

Biomass Production of Energy Willow Under Unfavourable Field Conditions

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