Identifying variation in the nutritional value of corn based on chemical kernel characteristics

Gehring, C. K.; Cowieson, A. J.; Bedford, M. R.; Dozier, W. A.

doi:10.1017/s0043933913000317

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…In the typical fish diet formulation, corn and soybeans supported most of the metabolic energy requirements, although it may be difficult to utilize the energy and nutrition provided due to the presence of antinutrition factors, such as resistant starch, enzyme inhibitors and insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides (Cowieson, ; Gehring, Cowieson, Bedford, & Dozier Iii, ). Beneficial effects of enzymes and multienzyme complexes on the performance of many animals have been indicated, which may eliminate antinutrition factors to improve the absorbance of nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of multienzyme complex and probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and gut microorganisms composition of snakehead (Channa argus)

Dai

Hou

et al. 2018

Aquacult Nutr

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The major objective of this study conducted for 7 weeks was to investigate the influence of supplementation with multienzyme complex and probiotic and their interaction effects on the growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical parameters and gut microorganism composition of snakehead (Channa argus). There were four treatments in this experiment coded as control, probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), multienzyme (amylase, acid protease and papain) and pro‐multi (B. amyloliquefaciens and amylase, acid protease and papain), respectively. The results demonstrated that snakeheads on the multienzyme resulted in better growth performance in terms of final body weight (FBW), weight gain ratio (WGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (p < 0.05) than those on the control diet, while they did not (p > 0.05) on probiotic and pro‐multi. Snakeheads receiving multienzyme increased significantly (p < 0.05) the serum parameters, including albumin, total protein and AKP and probiotic increased AKP and lysozyme meanwhile decreased the LDL‐C significantly (p < 0.05) compared with control. Analysis of the composition of gut microorganisms showed that four dominant microorganisms were Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Probiotic could enhance the richness and diversity of gut microorganisms in snakeheads, furthermore revealing a means of evaluating the relationship between feed supplementation and microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of multienzyme complex and probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and gut microorganisms composition of snakehead (Channa argus)

Dai

Hou

et al. 2018

Aquacult Nutr

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“…In a typical broiler diet formulation, maize can contribute about 65% of broiler metabolisable energy (ME) requirements ( Baurhoo et al, 2011 ), which suggests that maize quality differences may lead to dramatic variance in chicks growth performance and feed costs per unit of production. The nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) of maize for broilers may vary by more than 400 kcal/kg and was affected by genetics, agronomic conditions, proximate composition, pre- and postharvest processing variables, and the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, resistant starch, enzyme inhibitors and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides ( Cowieson, 2005 ; Rutherfurd et al, 2007 ; Gehring et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Maize Source and Complex Enzymes on Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broilers

Tang

Hao

et al. 2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maize source and complex enzymes containing amylase, xylanase and protease on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. The experiment was a 4×3 factorial design with diets containing four source maize samples (M1, M2, M3, and M4) and without or with two kinds of complex enzyme A (Axtra XAP) and B (Avizyme 1502). Nine hundred and sixty day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in the trial (12 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 10 chicks). Birds fed M1 diet had better body weight gain (BWG) and lower feed/gain ratio compared with those fed M3 diet and M4 diet (p<0.05). Apparent ileal crude protein digestibility coefficient of M2 was higher than that of M3 (p<0.05). Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn) of M1 were significant higher than those of M4 (p<0.05). Supplementation of the basal diets with enzyme A or B improved the BWG by 8.6% (p<0.05) and 4.1% (p>0.05), respectively. The fresh feces output was significantly decreased by the addition of enzyme B (p<0.05). Maize source affects the nutrients digestibility and performance of broilers, and a combination of amylase, xylanase and protease is effective in improving the growth profiles of broilers fed maize-soybean-rapeseed-cotton mixed diets.

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“…Many factors, especially differences in corn variety and origin, can lead to large variations in the chemical composition of corn (Snow et al, 2004;Kil et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014a;Mariscal-Landín et al, 2014). Because corn accounts for a large proportion of pig's diets, even small variations in the nutrient compositions of corn may lead to dramatic changes in dietary nutrient compositions (Gehring et al, 2013;Malumba et al, 2014). Therefore, accurate evaluation of corn can contribute to precise formulation and low feed costs (Stein et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

Lyu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in corn fed to growing pigs. All corn was yellow dent corn collected from different areas in China. In Exp. 1, 60 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 40.7 ± 3.5 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 10 diets to determine the DE and ME of corns. Diets were formulated to contain 96.8% of 1 of the 10 corn samples and 3.2% of other microingredients. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 30.5 ± 2.3 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. Diets included a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 test diets formulated with 96.6% 1 of the 10 corns as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was added to each diet as an indigestible marker for calculating the AA digestibility. On a DM basis, the starch, ether extract (EE), CP, NDF, and ADF contents of corns averaged 74.05% (69.98 to 78.59%), 3.83% (2.04 to 4.73%), 9.63% (7.74 to 10.43%), 10.80% (10.27 to 11.46%), and 2.27% (2.03 to 2.57%), respectively. The CV of EE, CP, and ADF was 22.59, 8.22, and 8.21%, respectively. The DE and ME of corns averaged 4,087 and 3,981 kcal/kg, respectively, and ranged from 3,999 to 4,161 kcal/kg and from 3,898 to 4,067 kcal/kg, respectively. The DE and ME values were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the EE content. Optimal prediction equations of ME were ME = 940.35 + (0.72 × DE) + (21.88 × EE) (R2 = 0.94) or ME = 1,051.50 + (0.82 × DE) − (282.05 × ash) (R2 = 0.99). In Exp. 2, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the SID of Arg, His, Phe, Ala, Pro, Cys, and Tyr. The SID of Lys (average 73.79%), Met (average 87.32%), and Thr (average 80.06%) ranged from 61.45 to 78.47%, from 74.09 to 90.91%, and from 79.19 to 85.79%, respectively. The standardized ileal digestible Met was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the Met and CP contents. The obtained prediction equations were standardized ileal digestible Met = 31.34 + (3.43 × CP) + (116.04 × Met) and standardized ileal digestible Met = 104.92 + (294.71 × Met) − (7.03 × NDF). In conclusion, sources had an effect on the energy values and ileal digestibility of most AA in corn. The ME can be predicted by the DE combined with either the EE or ash content. The AA concentrations and SID of AA in corn varied largely.

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Identifying variation in the nutritional value of corn based on chemical kernel characteristics

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

Effects of multienzyme complex and probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and gut microorganisms composition of snakehead (Channa argus)

Effects of multienzyme complex and probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and gut microorganisms composition of snakehead (Channa argus)

Effects of Maize Source and Complex Enzymes on Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broilers

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

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