Identifying Urine Patches on Intensively Managed Grassland Using Aerial Imagery Captured From Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Maire, Juliette; Gibson-poole, Simon; Cowan, Nicholas; Reay, Dave; Richards, Karl G.; Skiba, U.; Rees, Robert M.; Lanigan, Gary

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2018.00010

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…According to Adhikari et al (2021) in intensively managed dairy pastures, urine deposited by cattle during grazing covers relatively small proportion of the total grazed area. Maire et al (2018) reported that urine patches represent only about 6-12% of the grazed area in a single dairy cow grazing event. Therefore, there is a large potential for limiting the risk of NIs entry into these systems if these compounds can be targeted directly to urine patches, avoiding the need for their application across often large areas of pasture unaffected by urine deposition during grazing.…”

Section: Application Of Nitrification and Urease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Rivera

Chará

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Cattle production systems are an important source of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted to the atmosphere. Animal manure and managed soils are the most important sources of emissions from livestock after enteric methane. It is estimated that the N2O and CH4 produced in grasslands and manure management systems can contribute up to 25% of the emissions generated at the farm level, and therefore it is important to identify strategies to reduce the fluxes of these gases, especially in grazing systems where mitigation strategies have received less attention. This review describes the main factors that affect the emission of GHG from manure in bovine systems and the main strategies for their mitigation with emphasis on grazing production systems. The emissions of N2O and CH4 are highly variable and depend on multiple factors, which makes it difficult to use strategies that mitigate both gases simultaneously. We found that strategies such as the optimization of the diet, the implementation of silvopastoral systems and other practices with the capacity to improve soil quality and cover, and the use of nitrogen fixing plants are among the practices with more potential to reduce emissions from manure and at the same time contribute to increase carbon capture and improve food production. These strategies can be implemented to reduce the emissions of both gases and, depending on the method used and the production system, the reductions can reach up to 50% of CH4 or N2O emissions from manure according to different studies. However, many research gaps should be addressed in order to obtain such reductions at a larger scale.

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Section: Application Of Nitrification and Urease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Rivera

Chará

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Additionally, the increase number of samples added with the addition of new surveys will eventually allow the use of more automatically calibrated algorithms. This study isa step forward for a more precise, repeatable and reliable detection process compared to more subjective or manual detection methods employed in previous published research (Dennis et al, 2013;Jolly et al, 2019;Maire et al, 2018). Nonetheless, in remote sensing, other classification methods are available, such as random forest algorithms or convolution neural networks which, with a high number of input samples, can help to produce highly accurate algorithms to detect objects in images captured under diverse conditions (Thanh Noi & Kappas, 2017).…”

Section: Excreta Deposits Detection Using Rpas Imagerymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The maps were created from a Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) survey before and after each grazing period, to estimate the areas where urine or dung was deposited. The method employed for this experiment uses the grass response to the N input from urine and directly assesses the dung deposits through an object-based algorithm improved from Maire et al, (2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can nitrogen input mapping from aerial imagery improve nitrous oxide emissions estimates from grazed grassland?

et al. 2022

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Most nitrogen (N) lost to the environment from grazed grassland is produced as a result of N excreted by livestock, released in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilisation. In addition to the N fertiliser applied, excreta deposited by grazing livestock constitute a heterogeneous excess of N, creating spatial hotspots of N losses. This study presents a yearlong N2O emissions map from a typical intensively managed temperate grassland, grazed periodically by a dairy herd. The excreta deposition mapping was undertaken using high-resolution RGB images captured with a remotely piloted aircraft system combined with N2O emissions measurements using closed statics chambers. The annual N2O emissions were estimated to be 3.36 ± 0.30 kg N2O–N ha−1 after a total N applied from fertiliser and excreta of 608 ± 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Emissions of N2O were 1.9, 3.6 and 4.4 times lower than that estimated using the default IPCC 2019, 2006 or country-specific emission factors, respectively. The spatial distribution and size of excreta deposits was non-uniform, and in each grazing period, an average of 15.1% of the field was covered by urine patches and 1.0% by dung deposits. Some areas of the field repeatedly received urine deposits, accounting for an estimated total of 2410 kg N ha−1. The method reported in this study can provide better estimates of how management practices can mitigate N2O emissions, to develop more efficient selective approaches to fertiliser application, targeted nitrification inhibitor application and improvements in the current N2O inventory estimation.

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“…However, new remote sensing techniques using high resolution cameras linked to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is allowing improved understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of deposition associated with such livestock management. A recent study used image analysis to quantify the appearance of urine patches in an intensively grazed grassland in Scotland [19] . Previous studies have shown that such urine patches contribute to very high emissions of N 2 O, which vary throughout the growing season in response to climatic conditions [20,21] .…”

Section: Managing Organic Nitrogen Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Rees¹,

Maire²,

Florence³

et al. 2020

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N 2 O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.

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Identifying Urine Patches on Intensively Managed Grassland Using Aerial Imagery Captured From Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Can nitrogen input mapping from aerial imagery improve nitrous oxide emissions estimates from grazed grassland?

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

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