Identifying Urban Structure Based on Transit-Oriented Development

Abstract

The fast development of urbanization has led to imbalances in cities, causing congestion, pollution, and urban sprawl. In response to the growing concern over the distribution of demand and supply, a more coordinated urban structure is addressed in comprehensive planning processes. In this study, we attempt to identify urban structure using a Network–Activity–Human model under the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept, since TOD is usually regarded as an urban spatial planning tool. In order to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the urban structure, we define the TOD index and unbalance degree and then classify the urban areas accordingly. We take the city of Beijing as a case study and identify nine urban types. The results show a hierarchical urban structure: the city center covers most of the hotspots which display higher imbalances, the surroundings of the city center are less developed, and the city edges show higher potentials in both exploitation and transportation development. Moreover, we discuss the extent to which the spatial scale influences the unbalance degree and apply a sensitivity analysis based on the goals of different stakeholders. This methodology could be utilized at any study scale and in any situation, and the results could offer suggestions for more accurate urban planning, strengthening the relationship between TOD and spatial organization.

Identification Method for Optimal Urban Bus Corridor Location

“…With the development of data acquisition techniques, some data sources such as cellular signaling data and smart card data are used in urban transit planning. TOD concept is also considered in the identification of the urban active areas [25,26]. However, in studies on the location of bus corridors, less consideration is given to the organic combination with the actual road structure, the economic performance, the activity, and the land-use patterns along the corridor, which are the key elements reflecting the urban aggregation.…”

“…Based on Reference [26], we analyzed the factors that help evaluate the key nodes of the city. As shown in Table 2, nine indicators are selected to evaluate the key nodes through a spatial multicriteria analysis.…”

“…The value of the key node n, V n , is mainly a comprehensive reflection of density, functional diversity, land value, and population, and the weight of each indicator is obtained in Reference [26].…”

Sustainable Streetscape and Built Environment Designs around BRT Stations: A Stated Choice Experiment Using 3D Visualizations

“…While making huge investments in the transport infrastructure, no attention has been given to the streetscape features and principles of Transit-Oriented Development. TOD is a core strategy for the effective integration of transport infrastructure and surrounding urban fabric in order to create livable, walkable, accessible, cyclable and mixed-use compact neighborhoods with a great mix of people of different social backgrounds, promoting sustainable urban development with economic, social and cultural efficacy [1,2]. TOD is a term which summarizes the process of focusing employment, housing, public services and activity sites around high-quality and efficient public transport service [3,4].…”

Impact of the Construction Supplies Implementation on Road Safety in the City Center: A Case Study of the City of Szczecin

“…The high rate of urbanization and the development of its subsequent phases contribute to a continuous increase in demand on the real estate market, which determines the demand for construction services, both in city centers and suburban areas [8,9]. The market situation applies to all types of works: Construction of buildings (residential and non-residential), specialized construction works, and construction of civil engineering facilities.…”