Identifying triggers for liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation in sands

Owen, Geraint; Moretti, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.10.003

Cited by 310 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, many other natural agents and processes can act as triggers, including waves, floods, sliding and slumping, rapid loading, bioturbation, cryoturbation, glacial drag, and groundwater movements [39,49]. In general, it is common to adopt contrasting approaches to infer a seismic or non-seismic trigger, based respectively on comparison with a set of established criteria or an assessment of all possible triggers [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of discrete deformation layers within the planar beds indicates episodic disturbance during the sedimentation process, which can be triggered by sediment loading, storm-currents, water waves, glaciation, rapid sedimentation or earthquakes [10,16,[38][39][40]. Therefore, in order to identify the origin of the soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS), some approaches such as criteria-based and trigger-based approaches are adopted to analyze SSDS [25,28,38].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

Teng¹,

Chen²,

Cui³

et al. 2017

J Geol Geophys

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Multiple levels of preserved soft-sediment deformation structures occur in sediments deposited in the paleodammed lakes in the Batang-Zhongza reaches of the upper Jinsha River Valley, southeast Tibetan Plateau. These deformation structures include folded layers, convoluted layers, ball-and-pillow structures, recumbent lamination, waterescape structures, and small-scale landslide. Combining the assessments of depositional facies, potential triggers, paleoenvironmental context, we conclude that the probable trigger agents of this deformation were earthquakes, slides, and debris flows. The seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation structures provide new substantial evidence for the existence of active tectonics and paleo-earthquakes in the Batang area since the Holocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation Of Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

Teng¹,

Chen²,

Cui³

et al. 2017

J Geol Geophys

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“…There are mainly four deformation mechanisms: (1) intergranular shear [22,23]; (2) plastic or hydroplastics [24,25]; (3) liquefaction [18,24,27] and (4) fluidization [24,26]. The driving forces of deformation mechanisms include the tectonism, gravity acting on slopes, disequilibrium loading caused by topographical irregularities in the sediment-water interface, gravitational instabilities due to a reverse density gradient where denser sediments overlie less dense sediments, shear waves or other currents, and biological and chemical agents [14,15,18,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving forces of deformation mechanisms include the tectonism, gravity acting on slopes, disequilibrium loading caused by topographical irregularities in the sediment-water interface, gravitational instabilities due to a reverse density gradient where denser sediments overlie less dense sediments, shear waves or other currents, and biological and chemical agents [14,15,18,[27][28][29]. The various morphology and deformation styles of the SSDSs can be formed with respect to sedimentation in different lithology, driving forces, sediment rheology and deformation mechanisms of the deformation [20,27,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strict criteria of SSDSs triggered by seismic events (seismites) have been discussed [14,15,18,20,27,28,34]. The commonly received criteria include (1) the deformation emerges in laterally continuous, vertically recurring layers, separated by undeformed layers; (2) the deformation occurs in marine, lacustrine or fluvial sediments; (3) deformed and undeformed beds have similar lithologies and facies features; (4) the deformation is related to a seismically or tectonically active area; (5) the deformation shows systematic increases in frequency or intensity toward a likely epicentral area.…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft Sediment Deformation Structures Triggered by the Earthquakes: Response to the High Frequent Tectonic Events during the Main Tectonic Movements

He¹,

Qiao²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Tectonics - Problems of Regional Settings

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Typical cases of the soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs), triggered by the modern earthquakes to the oldest of paleo-earthquakes in the Mesoproterozoic, have been observed in China. These deformation structures have various geometry morphology, different interior structural architectures and sediment compositions, in centimetre to metre-scales. They are intercalated with the undeformed layers, which are composed of similar sediments of lithology and sedimentary environments. SSDSs are formed during sediments deposited but incompletely consolidated. And they exist in different periods and are closely related to the active or paleo-active faults. They occur nearby the faults and usually have the characteristics nearer to the faults and more. And they distribute parallel to the trending of the active faults and have the characters of the vertical duplication. They have responded to the high-frequency activity of different faults in tectonic movement and are the perfect records of the paleo-active faults.

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Repeated large‐magnitude earthquakes in a tectonically active, low‐strain continental interior: The northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

et al. 2016

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The northern Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan has been affected by a series of major earthquakes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To assess the significance of such a pulse of strain release in a continental interior, it is important to analyze and quantify strain release over multiple time scales. We have undertaken paleoseismological investigations at two geomorphically distinct sites (Panfilovkoe and Rot Front) near the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Although located near the historic epicenters, both sites were not affected by these earthquakes. Trenching was accompanied by dating stratigraphy and offset surfaces using luminescence, radiocarbon, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide methods. At Rot Front, trenching of a small scarp did not reveal evidence for surface rupture during the last 5000 years. The scarp rather resembles an extensive debris‐flow lobe. At Panfilovkoe, we estimate a Late Pleistocene minimum slip rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm/a, averaged over at least two, probably three earthquake cycles. Dip‐slip reverse motion along segmented, moderately steep faults resulted in hanging wall collapse scarps during different events. The most recent earthquake occurred around 3.6 ± 1.3 kyr ago (1σ), with dip‐slip offsets between 1.2 and 1.4 m. We calculate a probabilistic paleomagnitude to be between 6.7 and 7.2, which is in agreement with regional data from the Kyrgyz range. The morphotectonic signals in the northern Tien Shan are a prime example of deformation in a tectonically active intracontinental mountain belt and as such can help understand the longer‐term coevolution of topography and seismogenic processes in similar structural settings worldwide.

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Identifying triggers for liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation in sands

Cited by 310 publications

References 79 publications

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

Soft Sediment Deformation Structures Triggered by the Earthquakes: Response to the High Frequent Tectonic Events during the Main Tectonic Movements

Repeated large‐magnitude earthquakes in a tectonically active, low‐strain continental interior: The northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

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