Identifying the Toxidrome of Ivermectin Toxicity

Abstract

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has been used as an alternative for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 infection. The adverse effects from supratherapeutic doses of ivermectin can include nonneurological and neurological symptoms. In this study, we report the case of a 52-year-old Filipino male with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus who developed a subacute history of fever, cough, and generalized weakness, causing him to self-medicate with supratherapeutic doses of ivermectin and thereafter subsequently developed a decrease in sensorium, restlessness, and complex visual hallucinations. Significant laboratory examinations showed hyperglycemia, mild hyponatremia, positive SARS-CoV2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test, and bilateral pneumonia on chest radiograph. He was subsequently started on antibiotics, a high-flow nasal cannula, and given two doses of activated charcoal. During the first 24 hours of hospital admission, there was a significant improvement in the patient's sensorium with a resolution of restlessness and visual hallucinations. During the rest of the hospitalization, his respiratory symptoms improved, and he was subsequently discharged. Clinical outcome in our patient after administration of activated charcoal and completion of antibiotics showed an overall improvement in symptoms and without any neurologic sequelae.

Metabolic management of accidental intoxication

“…Most of the patients were male, elderly (age > 60 years) and had gastrointestinal distress or neurological symptoms (dizziness, ataxia, seizures). Those using veterinary formulations had more manifestations of toxicity [24,25].…”