“…And, 27 out of 85 studies were excluded because the articles were largely literature reviews or qualitative studies of this topic (e.g., Adelson, 2007; Fletcher & Speirs Neumeister, 2012; Fong & Yuen, 2014; Foster, 2007; Greenspon, 2000; Nugent, 2000; Speirs Neumeister, 2004b). In addition to that, some of them lacked sufficient statistical analysis (e.g., Hess, 1994; Kakavand et al, 2017; Stornelli et al, 2009). This meta-analysis focuses on the comparison of perfectionism in gifted and nongifted people; 44 articles did not include a control group and were therefore excluded (e.g., Reyes et al, 2015; Sondergeld et al, 2007; Speirs Neumeister, 2004a, 2004b; Tsui & Mazzocco, 2006; Vandiver & Worrell, 2002; Wang et al, 2012).…”