“…Recently, meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, which are inspired by natural phenomena, showed a successful employment for the bio-impedance parameter extraction problems 46,47 . Meta-heuristic are used to mimic the intelligence-gathering behaviour of water cycle 48 , pollination process in plant 47 , chicken behaviour in swarm 49 , hunting behaviour of grey wolfs 50 , and many others. They are used to overcome the defecates and difficulties that face the traditional optimization methods in solving some of the optimization problems 47 .…”