“…As an example, several types of organic waste have been used as fuel for microbial anodes [15], [16], but electroactive bacteria kinetics remains poor and the interaction between electrode and bacteria has still not been fully understood [56], [57], [58]. Moreover, interaction and/or coexistence in electron transfer mechanisms between bacteria and solid electrodes are not well described, especially in complex environments in which a multitude of microbial species (electroactive or not) can be found on the electrodes [59], [60], [61], [62], [63]. Finally, the attraction of microbial cells towards the electrodes [64], biofilm formation and development on anode surface [64], [65], interaction and inter-species cooperation [60], [61], [62], [63], [66], [67], [68], [69], as well as influence of environmental parameters on microbial colonization [4], [25], remain unknown due to the difficulty of coupling the complicated processes of microbial electrochemistry and the existing imaging technology [70], [71], [72], [73], [74].…”