Identifying the impact of Beirut Airport's activities on local air quality - Part I: Emissions inventory of NO2 and VOCs

Mokalled, Tharwat; Calvé, Stéphane Le; Badaro-Saliba, Nada; Abboud, Maher; Zaarour, Rita; Farah, Wehbeh; Adjizian-Gérard, Jocelyne

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.036

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Emission measurement studies are continuously conducted at international airports, such as Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS) [ 28 , 59 ], Rome Ciampino (CIA) [ 60 ], London Heathrow (LHR) [ 61 , 62 ], Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (RHIA) [ 63 ], Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport [ 64 ], Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) [ 32 , 49 , 65 ], and other large airports in California [ 66 ] which besides measurements of the previously mentioned compounds, also often include analyses of emission patterns and weather conditions, and characterizations of particle size- and mass distributions [ 67 ]. The data from these emission studies and physical-chemical studies of emissions including particle matter (PM), from which we referenced some in the previous sections, were recently reviewed thoroughly [ 9 ].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

et al. 2021

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Background Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate fraction has in itself been linked to several adverse health effects including cancer. Method In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature covering human health effects of exposure to airport emissions, both in occupational settings and for residents living close to airports. We also report the findings from the limited scientific mechanistic studies of jet engine emissions in animal and cell models. Results Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, and fuel type, as well as on operation modes. Exposure to jet engine emissions is reported to be associated with biomarkers of exposure as well as biomarkers of effect among airport personnel, especially in ground-support functions. Proximity to running jet engines or to the airport as such for residential areas is associated with increased exposure and with increased risk of disease, increased hospital admissions and self-reported lung symptoms. Conclusion We conclude that though the literature is scarce and with low consistency in methods and measured biomarkers, there is evidence that jet engine emissions have physicochemical properties similar to diesel exhaust particles, and that exposure to jet engine emissions is associated with similar adverse health effects as exposure to diesel exhaust particles and other traffic emissions.

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Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

et al. 2021

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“…The daily mean concentration of NO 2 in some Chinese urban atmosphere can reach 150 µg m −3 [48]. NO 2 could participate in atmospheric reactions of aromatic-OH adducts, thereby changing the components of anthropogenic SOA particles [49]. Under polluted atmospheric conditions, the concentration of NO 2 is relatively high [44], and the ethylbenzene-OH adduct reaction with NO 2 can not be ignored.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Eb-ortho Adduct With Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Studies on the Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Ethylbenzene-OH Adduct with O2 and NO2

et al. 2021

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The OH-initiated reaction of ethylbenzene results in major OH addition, and the formed ethylbenzene-OH adducts subsequently react with O2 and NO2, which determine the components of the oxidation products. In this study, nine possible reaction paths of the most stable ethylbenzene-OH adduct, EB-Ortho (2-ethyl-hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical intermediate), with O2 and NO2 were studied using density functional theory and conventional transition state theory. The calculated results showed that ethyl-phenol formed via hydrogen abstraction was the major product of the EB-Ortho reaction with O2 under atmospheric conditions. Peroxy radicals generated from O2 added to EB-Ortho could subsequently react with NO and O2 to produce 5-ethyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienal, furan, and ethyl-glyoxal, respectively. However, nitro-ethylbenzene formed from NO2 addition to EB-Ortho was the predominant product of the EB-Ortho reaction with NO2 at room temperature. The total calculated rate constant of the EB-Ortho reaction with O2 and NO2 was 9.57 × 10−16 and 1.78 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, approximately equivalent to the experimental rate constants of toluene-OH adduct reactions with O2 and NO2. This study might provide a useful theoretical basis for interpreting the oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing organics in anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol particles.

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“…Considering aircraft are not the only source of emissions to take into account when making an inventory (ICAO, 2011), there is a need for a thorough comparative analysis of said sources which has only been globally developed in a few cases and using standard (simple) methodologies (Coppa, 2019;Mokalled et al, 2018). Different authors have carried out specific studies about each of the sources, in which they specifically analyze the contribution of Ground Access Vehicles (Trujillo, 2017;Bukovac & Douglas, 2019;Orth et al, 2015) and GSEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification Model of Airport Ground Support Equipment Emissions

et al. 2022

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Emissions of aircraft support vehicles (called Ground Support Equipment or GSE) are produced by a series of factors depending mostly on the following: aircraft arrivals and departures and time spent in parking stands, aircraft type, operation type (traditional, with scale or low cost), geometrical arrangement of the apron and fleet charactistics, including power and years of use, among others. The aim of this work is to develop an integrated model identifying the required GSEs and the gaseous emissions produced by them due to apron traffic and aircraft service. In order to do this, in the case of service, the model proposes considering loading and unloading and dividing them into the following stages: wait, connection, service and disconnection. The advantage of the proposed model over other proposals is that this model aims at copying the real movements of support vehicles in service according to the aircraft and its corresponding operation (Full-Service, Low-Cost or scale). In order to do that, the program discretizes GSE movements into loading and unloading processes through different stages and for circulation where the tool itself sets the parameters of the apron.

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Identifying the impact of Beirut Airport's activities on local air quality - Part I: Emissions inventory of NO2 and VOCs

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

Theoretical Studies on the Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Ethylbenzene-OH Adduct with O2 and NO2

Quantification Model of Airport Ground Support Equipment Emissions

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