Identifying SSR Markers Related to Seed Fatty Acid Content in Perilla Crop (Perilla frutescens L.)

Abstract

Perilla seed oil has been attracting attention in South Korea as a health food. Five fatty acids of 100 Perilla accessions were identified as follows: palmitic acid (PA) (5.10–9.13%), stearic acid (SA) (1.70–3.99%), oleic acid (OA) (11.1–21.9%), linoleic acid (LA) (10.2–23.4%), and linolenic acid (LNA) (54.3–75.4%). Additionally, the 100 Perilla accessions were divided into two groups (high or low) based on the total fatty acid content (TFAC). By using an association analysis of 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the six Perilla seed oil traits in the 100 Perilla accessions, we detected four SSR markers associated with TFAC, five SSR markers associated with LNA, one SSR marker associated with LA, two SSR markers each associated with OA and PA, and four SSR markers associated with SA. Among these SSR markers, four SSR markers (KNUPF14, KNUPF62, KNUPF72, KNUPF85) were all associated with TFAC and LNA. Moreover, two SSR markers (KNUPF62, KNUPF85) were both associated with TFAC, LNA, and OA. Therefore, these SSR markers are considered to be useful molecular markers for selecting useful accessions related to fatty acid contents in Perilla germplasm and for improving the seed oil quality of Perilla crop through marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.

Genetic Variation of Native Perilla Germplasms Collected from South Korea Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers and Morphological Characteristics

“…As explained in the Introduction, in South Korea the leaves and seed oil of cultivated types of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens have been in the limelight as health foods because of the increased consumption of meat and the development of various cooking and usage methods for Perilla fresh leaves and seeds [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, the RDA-Genebank of South Korea is building a core population of genetic resources that can develop leaf and seed varieties among the preserved Perilla germplasm accessions.…”

“…Gel images were obtained as the amplification results, and the quantification analysis was performed with QIAxcel software. The amplification results were displayed as gel images and electropherograms taken from the QIAxcel advanced system software based on a previous report by Park et al (2021) [ 13 ].…”

“…Furthermore, Perilla seed oil of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens has a high content of linolenic acid, which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid (18:2) and α-linolenic acid (18:3) and comprises approximately 80% of Perilla seed oil [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Additionally, Perilla seeds are used like sesame seeds for flavoring agents or seasoning in Korean traditional foods.…”

“…Therefore, the cultivation area of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens has increased greatly, and its leaves and seed oil have been in the limelight as health foods in South Korea [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. On the other hand, Perilla frutescens var.…”

“…In addition, for the successful use and selection of genetic resources that can be used for crop improvement, it is most important to evaluate and understand the genetic diversity (GD) of genetic resources preserved in genebanks [ 15 , 16 ]. In Perilla crops, many researchers have analyzed GD, genetic relationships, population structure, and association mapping analysis of accessions of the two cultivated and weedy types of Perilla crop using several DNA molecular marker systems including random amplification of polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) [ 17 ], amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) [ 3 ], and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [ 9 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Among these DNA molecular markers, particularly SSR (or microsatellite) markers have provided useful information for the analysis of GD, genetic relationships, population structure, and association mapping analysis in the accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types, because Perilla SSR markers have been shown to be reproducible, highly polymorphic, and generally codominant in Perilla accessions [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”