Identifying sources of phthalate exposure with human biomonitoring: Results of a 48h fasting study with urine collection and personal activity patterns

Koch, Holger M.; Lorber, Matthew; Christensen, Krista; Pälmke, Claudia; Koslitz, Stephan; Brüning, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.002

Cited by 281 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They are mostly used for softening polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To the organism phthalates can come through food (mostly canned or in plastics packaging), through air pollution including home dust, and also from many skin care products (10,11). In a previous study, urine phthalate excretion correlated well with the use of plastic packaging and skin care (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A pilot study

Piecha¹,

Svačina²,

Malý

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYAim: Human exposure to organic pollutants (some of them also called endocrine disruptors) can be associated with adverse metabolic health outcomes including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the urine levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites in subgroups of patients with metabolic syndrome composed of patients with and without three important components of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes).Methods: We have investigated 24 hours urine samples of 168 patients with metabolic syndrome from the Metabolic Outpatient Department of General University Hospital in Prague. Using standard metabolic syndrome criteria, we classified patients as dyslipidemic (n = 87), hypertensive (n = 96), and type 2 diabetic (n = 58). Bisphenol A and 15 metabolites of phthalates were evaluated in relation to creatinine excretion. Samples were analysed with enzymatic cleavage of glucuronide using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in one laboratory with external quality control.Results: Four metabolites, mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate showed significantly higher levels in diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005, respectively). The differences remained significant after adjustment to hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and BMI. No difference was found between either the hypertensive and non-hypertensive or dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic patients. There was no significant relation of bisphenol A level to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and BMI.Conclusions: Urine levels of four phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in type 2 diabetics independently on specified predictors. Phthalate levels can be in relation to beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients but this study was not able to show if the relation is causal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A pilot study

Piecha¹,

Svačina²,

Malý

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…65) extensively transformed to oxidative products. [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] erefore, using the hydrolytic monoester metabolites as sole biomarkers to assess the exposure of phthalates can be misleading, especially when comparing the hydrolytic monoester concentrations of high-versus low-molecular weight phthalates. While approximately 70% of an oral dose of DBP (four carbons in the alkyl chain) is excreted in urine as the hydrolytic monoester, 78) less than 10% of DEHP (eight carbons in the alkyl chain), less than 2% of DINP (nine carbons in the alkyl chain) and less than 1% of di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP, with 10 carbons in the alkyl chain) are excreted as the hydrolytic monoesters.…”

Section: Metabolism Patterns and Metabo-lites Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Marker Discovery of Phthalates Using Mass Spectrometry

2017

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Phthalates are chemicals widely used in industry and the consequences on human health caused by exposure to these agents are of signi cant interest currently. e urinary metabolites of phthalates can be measured and used as exposure markers for the assessment of the actual internal contamination of phthalates coming from di erent sources and absorbed by various ways. e purpose of this paper is to review the markers for exposure and risk assessment of phthalates such as di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and introduction of the analytical approach of three metabolomics data processing approaches that can be used for chemical exposure marker discovery in urine with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data.

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“…Since they are not covalently bound to other compounds within their respective formulations, significant amounts of these chemicals have accumulated in the environment and exposure is ubiquitous. For di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, diet is thought to be the main source of exposure, but non-dietary pathways can also be substantial, as has been shown for other phthalates [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, hydrolytic genesis of simple monoesters from the ubiquitous diesters seems to occur to a limited extent also via non-biogenic processes, and oxidatively transformed monoesters, if actually produced in significant amounts, represent the more reliable metabolites [15]. There have been several studies showing that phthalic diesters are metabolized and excreted fairly quickly with biologic half-lives of about ten hours and urinary phthalate levels have been shown to vary, probably in synchrony with the intermittent incorporation of their parent compounds during food uptake or through the use of personal care products [1,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Population and Individual Variances of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in terms of Epidemiological Studies

Feltens¹,

Roeder²,

Otto³

et al. 2015

J Chromatograph Separat Techniq

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Identifying sources of phthalate exposure with human biomonitoring: Results of a 48h fasting study with urine collection and personal activity patterns

Cited by 281 publications

References 37 publications

Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A pilot study

Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A pilot study

Exposure Marker Discovery of Phthalates Using Mass Spectrometry

Evaluation of Population and Individual Variances of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in terms of Epidemiological Studies

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