Identifying Reefs of Hope and Hopeful Actions: Contextualizing Environmental, Ecological, and Social Parameters to Respond Effectively to Climate Change

McClanahan, Tim R.; Cinner, Joshua E.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Daw, Tim M.; Maina, Joseph; Stead, Selina M.; Wamukota, Andrew; Brown, Katrina; Venus, V.; Polunin, Nicholas V. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01154.x

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…MPAs can protect critical habitats, such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds [4]. For example, individual MPAs and networks may lead to improvements in coral cover, reef ecology, and structural integrity through limiting the effects of destructive fishing practices on reefs [6,32,33] and through increasing resilience to climate change [34,35].…”

Section: Ecological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful development of livelihood alternatives may also simply encourage in-migration [163] or lead to the re-investment of newfound income in fishing [76,164] which will both lead to increasing pressure on local resources. Most authors concur that focusing on a portfolio of substitutable and interchangeable resource-based and non-resource-based livelihoods is more effective than using any single strategy [35,77,86,93,126,127]. A focus on any single livelihood strategy may exert unsustainable pressure on specific facets of the environment while also increasing local vulnerability [56,122].…”

Section: Alternative Livelihoods: Enhancement and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simple processes, such as Participatory Rural Appraisal [165] or the Sustainable Livelihood Enhancement and Diversification (SLED) approach [159], can be used to facilitate participation in development. Development should also adopt an adaptive process of monitoring, feedback, and learning [35,111]. Adaptive learning also needs to be integrated into MPA-related conservation and development discourse and practice at a broader scale so that failed initiatives are not repeated and successes are recognized.…”

Section: Successful Development Programs: Process and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-assessments are important since assumptions about context can result in unsuccessful programs of action [167]. It is important to understand how micro to macro level contextual factors, such as access to markets, local capabilities, policy environments, levels of social cohesion, leadership capacity, and cultural norms, influence current marine uses and how these may facilitate or impede alternative livelihood development [35,75,161,168].…”

Section: Successful Development Programs: Process and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Bennett¹,

Dearden²

2018

Preprint

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered “successful” or effective on ecological and/or socio-economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-economic outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA management effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio-economic outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs – governance, management, and local development – that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs.

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Section: Ecological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Livelihoods: Enhancement and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Successful Development Programs: Process and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Successful Development Programs: Process and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Bennett¹,

Dearden²

2018

Preprint

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“…Despite important developments in the understanding of fishing communities' livelihoods and the way they respond to changes (Marshall and Marshall 2007, McClanahan et al 2008, 2009, Cinner et al 2009a, b, 2010, the effective incorporation of the role of local communities in the design of conservation strategies for marine ecosystems still requires advancement in operationalizing conceptual frameworks, standardizing indicators, as well as their definitions and measurement approaches, and developing a composite index capable of both organizing those indicators by categories of analysis and adding multiple indicators proposed in the literature. This would allow a quantificaton of the adaptive capacity of fishing communities to the establishment of MPAs, thereby helping to determine which actions should be considered to enhance their adaptive capacity to cope with management interventions that restrict access to and use of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Adaptive Capacity of Local Communities at Marine Protected Areas in Latin America: a Practical Approach

Maldonado¹,

Moreno-Sánchez²

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. The establishment of marine protected areas (MPA) has become the prevailing management strategy to stop the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems; however, the effectiveness of MPAs is affected not only by ecological factors but also by social ones. Identifying and understanding socioeconomic conditions and the institutional context of fishing communities is essential to achieve success with MPAs. We propose a practical methodology for estimating the adaptive capacity (AC) of local communities to the establishment of MPAs. Adaptive capacity is defined as the ability of households to anticipate and respond to disturbances, natural or human induced, and to minimize, cope with, and recover from the consequences. We propose an index of adaptive capacity (IAC) of fishing communities that can be estimated at a local scale. This composite index comprises three dimensions, i.e., socioeconomic, social-ecological, and socio-political/institutional, which attempt to capture comprehensively the determinants of AC. Each dimension is constructed from three indicators, whose estimation is based on information collected from a household structured survey for which we suggested specific questions. We proposed the use of a Min function to highlight the weakest dimension of the IAC and guide decision makers with respect to elements that should be addressed to improve AC. A discussion about normalization and aggregation issues is also included.RESUMEN. El establecimiento de áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) ha sido la principal estrategia utilizada para enfrentar la degradación de ecosistemas marinos y costeros. Sin embargo, la efectividad de las AMP depende tanto de factores ecológicos como de factores sociales. Para alcanzar el éxito esperado en el manejo de las AMP se hace esencial identificar y entender las condiciones socioeconómicas y el contexto institucional de las comunidades costeras. En este artículo se propone una metodología práctica para estimar la capacidad adaptativa (CA) de las comunidades locales al establecimiento de AMP. La capacidad adaptativa es definida como la habilidad de los hogares para anticiparse y responder a disturbios, naturales o antrópicos, y enfrentar, minimizar y recuperarse de las consecuencias de dichos disturbios. Se propone un índice de capacidad adaptativa (ICA) de las comunidades costeras de pescadores que pueda ser estimado a nivel local. Este índice compuesto incluye tres dimensiones: socioeconómica, socio-ecológica y sociopolítica / institucional, con las cuales se busca capturar de forma comprehensiva los determinantes de CA. Cada dimensión se construye a partir de tres indicadores, cuya estimación se basa en información obtenida de encuestas estructuradas a hogares (se incluye el conjunto de preguntas sugeridas para su estimación). Para agregar las dimensiones se propone el uso de una función MIN, de forma que el valor agregado del ICA dependa de la dimensión más débil; así se espera que sirva como guía para la formulación de políticas que apunten a resolver los aspectos ...

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Understanding fishing and conservation of the Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) in Sinaloa, Mexico, through local ecological knowledge

Najera‐Medellin,

Quiñónez‐Martínez,

Narchi

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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The Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) is a teleost fish native to the Pacific Ocean. In Mexico they are protected by national legislation; however, there are no studies regarding their commercial use or population status. From a conservation perspective they are a threatened fish and from a socio‐economic aspect they represent a source of income for many fishing communities. The integration of these two points of view requires, among other things, the recognition that fishers have knowledge and skills that can help implement conservation strategies and management plans for seahorses and their habitats. The objective was to document the knowledge of fishers from Sinaloa about the fishing status and current commercialization of wild populations of H. ingens. For this, semi‐structured interviews and participatory observation were carried out with 112 participants in the two main ports of the state of Sinaloa (Mazatlán and Topolobampo) from July to August 2021. The data obtained were coded and then, through content analysis, systematized results were obtained that allowed a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The species was found to be caught using six different fishing gears (catch per unit effort, CPUE = 0.07–1.24 seahorses per boat per day) and have an important financial value. Most fishers catch seahorses incidentally, but three of them mentioned targeting them directly. Fishers perceive a decrease in catches and in the size of the Pacific seahorse, as well as an increase in prices. The information analysed indicates that seahorse populations in Sinaloa are exploited and have economic value, despite current regulations. This study shows that the exploitation of seahorses in Sinaloa is unsustainable and requires the implemention of collaborative management strategies (e.g. stakeholder management, the establishment of marine protected areas, sustainable harvest practices, community‐based enforcement efforts, educational campaigns, research, and conservation partnerships) that fully take into account the knowledge and practice of local fishers of Sinaloa and Mexico.

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Identifying Reefs of Hope and Hopeful Actions: Contextualizing Environmental, Ecological, and Social Parameters to Respond Effectively to Climate Change

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Estimating the Adaptive Capacity of Local Communities at Marine Protected Areas in Latin America: a Practical Approach

Understanding fishing and conservation of the Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) in Sinaloa, Mexico, through local ecological knowledge

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