“…Human neutrophil (or alpha) defensins (HNPs)1-3, lysozyme and lactoferrin were also found in the hAF in women with non-complicated pregnancies ( 170 , 182 ). Moreover, HNP1-3, calgranulin/calprotectin, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, lactoferrin, lipocalin 2 and cathelicidin family members are increased in the hAF of IAI or preterm labor ( 100 , 101 , 150 , 152 , 166 , 168 , 169 , 171 , 177 , 178 , 183 , 179 , 180 ) Overall, the presence and activation of numerous variable AMPs in normal pregnancy and in IAI imply an important role of AMPs in prevention and resolution of infections.…”