Identifying Postpartum Depression: 3 Questions Are As Good As 10

Kabir, Karolyn; Sheeder, Jeanelle; Kelly, Lisa; Stevens‐Simon, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2007.03.068

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In 2010, these questions were replaced by adaptations of the 3 anxiety subscale questions from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-3), which has been shown to have high sensitivity (95%) and a negative predictive value (98%) for postpartum depression. 29 Although the EPDS-3 questions specifically assess symptoms of anxiety, which is diagnostically distinct from depression, anxiety and depression have been demonstrated to be highly correlated, 19,20 particularly in the case of postpartum depression, which often presents with anxiety symptoms. 30 The 3 EPDS-3 questions that CHICA uses are the following: "In the past 7 days, have you blamed yourself unnecessarily when things went wrong?…”

Section: Ppdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Exposure to Parental Violence and Psychological Distress Associated With Delayed Milestones

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: It has previously been shown that exposure to intimate partner violence and/or parental depression or anxiety may increase a child' s risk for specific adverse health outcomes.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: By using a large pediatric primary care sample, this study examined associations of child exposure to intimate partner violence and parental psychological distress with developmental milestone attainment by analyzing their combined and separate effects while adjusting for other family factors.abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between parental report of intimate partner violence (IPV) and parental psychological distress (PPD) with child attainment of developmental milestones.METHODS: By using data collected from a large cohort of primary care patients, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between parental report of IPV and/or PPD and the attainment of developmental milestones within the first 72 months of a child' s life. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for parental report of child abuse concern and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS:Our study population included 16 595 subjects. Children of parents reporting both IPV and PPD (n = 88; 0.5%) were more likely to fail at least 1 milestone across the following developmental domains: language (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.3), personal-social (aOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-2.9), and gross motor (aOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.8-5.0). Significant associations for those reporting IPV-only (n = 331; 2.0%) were found for language (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.9), personal-social (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.2), and fine motor-adaptive (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.7). Significant associations for those reporting PPD-only (n = 1920; 11.6%) were found for: language (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.7), personal-social (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.5-1.8), gross motor (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4-1.8), and fine-motor adaptive (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3-2.0). CONCLUSIONS:Screening children for IPV and PPD helps identify those at risk for poor developmental outcomes who may benefit from early intervention.

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Section: Ppdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Exposure to Parental Violence and Psychological Distress Associated With Delayed Milestones

et al. 2013

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“…This finding is different from a recent study conducted among adolescent mothers that identified the EPDS-3, rather than the EPDS-7 and EPDS-2, as an attractive screening tool because of its reliability and operating characteristics; however, validation by diagnostic interview was not conducted, and, as the authors suggested, it was possible that the EPDS-3 was unable to differentiate depression from other mental health problems (eg, anxiety disorders). 27 Similar to the current analysis, studies conducted among adult mothers that included validation by psychiatric interview identified the PHQ-2 as a sensitive postpartum depression screening tool. 23,26 Data assessing brief postpartum depression screening tools conducted among adult women suggest that initial screens with as few as 2 items can be valid and effective in primary care pediatric settings and surveillance systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…25,26 To compare across scales, we compensated for the items that were removed by multiplying subscale scores by a constant 10 divided by the number of subscale items. 27 Therefore, the screening cutoff score was 10 for the EPDS and the 3 subscales.…”

Section: Epdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 The utility of briefer case-finding instruments, including subscales of the EPDS, have been assessed among adult mothers 14,[23][24][25][26] ; however, these screening tools have not been validated against a formal diagnosis of postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. 27 We evaluated the accuracy and validity of the EPDS and 3 brief subscales of the EPDS for identifying primiparous adolescent mothers who met criteria for a major depressive disorder according to the gold standard the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The primary objective of this study was to establish the sensitivity, specificity, and operating characteristics of the EPDS and its briefer subscales for identifying postpartum depression during the first 6 months postpartum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accuracy of Brief Screening Tools for Identifying Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent Mothers

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Studies assessing the accuracy of brief screening tools for postpartum depression have been conducted among adult women; however, no similar validation studies have been conducted among adolescent mothers. Accurate and valid brief depression screening tools are needed for adolescent mothers. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We found that the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 2 subscales, the EPDS-7 and EPDS-2, are highly accurate at identifying postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. In pediatric settings with limited time and resources, these brief scales have potential to be used as effective depression screening tools. abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 3 subscales for identifying postpartum depression among primiparous adolescent mothers. METHODS:Mothers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression completed a psychiatric diagnostic interview and the 10-item EPDS at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Three subscales of the EPDS were assessed as brief screening tools: 3-item anxiety subscale (EPDS-3), 7-item depressive symptoms subscale (EPDS-7), and 2-item subscale (EPDS-2) that resemble the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the areas under the curves for each tool were compared to assess accuracy. The sensitivities and specificities of each screening tool were calculated in comparison with diagnostic criteria for a major depressive disorder. Repeated-measures longitudinal analytical techniques were used. RESULTS:A total of 106 women contributed 289 postpartum visits; 18% of the women met criteria for incident postpartum depression by psychiatric diagnostic interview. When used as continuous measures, the full EPDS, EPDS-7, and EPDS-2 performed equally well (area under the curve .0.9). Optimal cutoff scores for a positive depression screen for the EPDS and EPDS-7 were lower ($9 and $7, respectively) than currently recommended cutoff scores ($10). At optimal cutoff scores, the EPDS and EPDS-7 both had sensitivities of 90% and specificities of .85%. CONCLUSIONS:The EPDS, EPDS-7, and EPDS-2 are highly accurate at identifying postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. In primary care pediatric settings, the EPDS and its shorter subscales have potential for use as effective depression screening tools.

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“…Previous reports indicate that this 3-item subscale of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale reliably detects postpartum depression in primary pediatric care settings. 31 Child rearing practices. We examined current breastfeeding (no versus yes), infant sleep practices (whether the infant was put to sleep in the supine or prone position, or on unsafe surfaces like beanbags or waterbeds), and television viewing (whether the child watched some television on most days, had a television in his or her room, and 3 watched more than 2 hours of television per day).…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%