Identifying obesity subtypes: A review of studies utilising clinical biomarkers and genetic data

Abstract

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial condition that poses significant health risks. Recent advancements in our understanding of obesity have highlighted the heterogeneity within this disorder. Identifying distinct subtypes of obesity is crucial for personalised treatment and intervention strategies. This review paper aims to examine studies that have utilised clinical biomarkers and genetic data to identify clusters or subtypes of obesity. The findings of these studies may provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential targeted approaches for managing obesity‐related health issues such as type 2 diabetes.

The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

“…Obesity is a complex and multifactorial condition influenced by an interplay of genetic, environmental, behavioural, and metabolic factors [18]. Comprehending the diverse contributors to obesity is vital to devise effective prevention and treatment strategies.…”

“…Specific genes can predispose individuals to weight gain and fat accumulation by influencing their metabolism, appetite regulation, and fat storage [20]. Nonetheless, the sole consideration of genetics fails to explain the escalating global obesity rates, underscoring the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors [18,20].…”

“…Behavioural elements also have a crucial impact on the development of obesity. For instance, unhealthy eating habits, such as the consumption of energy-dense foods, frequent intake of sugary drinks, and oversized portion sizes, lead to excessive caloric intake [18,24]. Moreover, emotional eating, responding to stress by eating, and irregular meal patterns are influential factors in weight gain [25].…”

“…Several studies have investigated the effects of dietary antioxidants on body composition measures, including body weight, BMI, and fat mass. Some clinical trials have reported modest reductions in body weight and BMI following antioxidant interventions [18,19]. One study included 64 obese patients from primary healthcare centres in Gaza City, Palestine, who were hypertensive and/or diabetic and had high levels of inflammatory markers.…”

Genetic Evidence for Distinct Biological Mechanisms That Link Adiposity to Type 2 Diabetes: Toward Precision Medicine

“…Research on adiposity subtype classification has primarily focused on metabolically healthy obesity, a condition with multiple definitions where individuals with obesity may not immediately exhibit metabolic dysfunction ( 11 , 12 ). Other approaches have involved behavioral traits, BMI, HbA 1c , cardiometabolic traits and machine-learning techniques ( 13 , 14 ).…”