Identifying novel sources of resistance to wheat stem sawfly in five wild wheat species

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe wheat stem sawfly (WSS, Cephus cinctus) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and can cause significant yield losses. WSS damage results from stem boring and/or cutting, leading to the lodging of wheat plants. While solid‐stem wheat genotypes can effectively reduce larval survival, they may have lower yields than hollow‐stem genotypes and show inconsistent solidness expression. Due to limited resistance sources to WSS, evaluating diverse wheat germplasm for novel resistance genes is crucial. We evaluated 91 accessions across five wild wheat species (Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, T. turgidum, T. timopheevii, and Aegilops tauschii) and common wheat cultivars (T. aestivum) for antixenosis (host selection) and antibiosis (host suitability) to WSS. Host selection was measured as the number of eggs after adult oviposition, and host suitability was determined by examining the presence or absence of larval infestation within the stem. The plants were grown in the greenhouse and brought to the field for WSS infestation. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the WSS traits and phylogenetic clustering.RESULTSOverall, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum, and T. urartu had lower egg counts and larval infestation than T. monococcum, and T. timopheevii. T. monococcum, T. timopheevii, T. turgidum, and T. urartu had lower larval weights compared to T. aestivum.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that wild relatives of wheat could be a valuable source of alleles for enhancing resistance to WSS and identifies specific germplasm resources that may be useful for breeding.