Identifying lithium–air battery discharge products through 6Li solid-state MAS and 1H–13C solution NMR spectroscopy

Huff, Laura A.; Rapp, Jennifer L.; Zhu, Lingyang; Gewirth, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.158

Cited by 26 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…According to USABC, today's lithium-ion batteries cannot meet the standards of EVs. At present, lots of scholars, scientists, and engineers are focusing on new battery research such as Li-O 2 batteries [2,7], lithium-sulfur batteries [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], lithium metal batteries [15,16], all-solid-state lithium batteries [17], al-ion batteries [18], fuel cells [19][20][21][22], supercapacitors [23,24], and so on. Electric vehicles require a high power and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

et al. 2018

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Sate of charge (SOC) accurate estimation is one of the most important functions in a battery management system for battery packs used in electrical vehicles. This paper focuses on battery SOC estimation and its issues and challenges by exploring different existing estimation methodologies. The key technologies of lithium-ion battery state estimation methodologies of the electrical vehicles categorized under five groups, such as the conventional method, adaptive filter algorithm, learning algorithm, nonlinear observer, and the hybrid method, are explored in an in-depth analysis. Lithium-ion battery characteristic, battery model, estimation algorithm, and cell unbalancing are the most important factors that affect the accuracy and robustness of SOC estimation. Finally, this paper concludes with the challenges of SOC estimation and suggests other directions for possible research efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

et al. 2018

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“…Considerable research has been carried out to develop new techniques to monitor battery SOH however many are not suitable for in-operando use as they require expensive equipment such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [7,8], in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance [9] or X-ray computational tomography [10,11]. Data mining techniques such as extended Kalman filters [12], neural network and linear prediction error methods [13] have also been researched for SOH estimation in a BMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending battery life: A low-cost practical diagnostic technique for lithium-ion batteries

Merla

Yufit

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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“…In particular, 17 O ssNMR has been shown to be a valuable tool in the identification of Li 2 O 2 . 13,14 Li 2 O 2 has a unique 17 O signature in the NMR spectrum from the large quadrupole coupling constant (C q ) of 18 MHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 Li 2 O 2 has a unique 17 O signature in the NMR spectrum from the large quadrupole coupling constant (C q ) of 18 MHz. 13,14 This allows for Li 2 O 2 to be easily differentiated from other electrolyte breakdown species, such as Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, CH 3 CO 2 Li, and HCO 2 Li, 9,10 all of which have 17 O C q of approximately 7 MHz. 13,14 To perform 17 O NMR of cycled electrodes, expensive 17 O enrichment is necessary due to its very low natural abundance (0.04%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 This allows for Li 2 O 2 to be easily differentiated from other electrolyte breakdown species, such as Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, CH 3 CO 2 Li, and HCO 2 Li, 9,10 all of which have 17 O C q of approximately 7 MHz. 13,14 To perform 17 O NMR of cycled electrodes, expensive 17 O enrichment is necessary due to its very low natural abundance (0.04%). An alternative approach is to take advantage of the higher natural abundance of 6 Li (7.6%) or 7 Li (92.4%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of electrochemical reaction products in lithium–oxygen cells with ⁷Li nutation spectroscopy

2015

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In the Li-O 2 battery system, it is has been shown to be challenging to differentiate the discharge products or determine the electrolyte stability with direct 7 Li NMR. Defined 7 Li quadrupole lineshapes are not observed for cycled cathodes. Here, 7 Li nutation NMR is demonstrated to be an effective method for the identification of Li 2 O 2 in cycled cathodes. The 7 Li quadrupole interaction of Li 2 O 2 (35 kHz) and Li 2 CO 3 (120 kHz) are of similar magnitude to typically radiofrequency fields (ranging from 40 to 60 kHz). The 7 Li nutation frequency will therefore be influenced by both interactions. The discharge products of the cycled cathodes were determined by comparing the 7 Li nutation frequencies of the cycled cathodes to the 7 Li nutation frequency of the pristine materials when the applied radiofrequency field was 30 kHz. Li 2 CO 3 was determined to be the main discharge product in the propylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate and trimethyl phosphate electrolyte systems, since the 7 Li nutation frequencies of the cathodes corresponded to the 7 Li nutation frequency of pristine Li 2 CO 3 . The 7 Li nutation frequency of the tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether cathode was between the 7 Li nutation frequencies of both pristine Li 2 O 2 and pristine Li 2 CO 3 , indicating that both Li 2 O 2 and Li 2 CO 3 were discharge products influencing the observed nutation frequency. From 7 Li nutation NMR the novel trimethyl phosphate electrolyte was determined to be an unsuitable Li-O 2 electrolyte, as the fast 7 Li nutation frequency indicated that Li 2 O 2 was not a primary discharge species. With 17 O NMR, Li 2 CO 3 was confirmed to be a main discharge product formed with the trimethyl phosphate electrolyte.Résumé : Dans les systèmes de batteries Li-O 2 , on sait qu'il est difficile de distinguer les produits de décharge ou de déterminer la stabilité électrolytique par observation directe en RMN 7 Li. Dans le cas des cathodes cyclées, les bandes du quadrupole du 7 Li n'ont pas une forme définie. Dans ces travaux, nous démontrons que la RMN 7 Li de nutation peut être une méthode efficace pour l'identification du Li 2 O 2 dans les cathodes cyclées. L'interaction quadrupolaire du 7 Li dans le Li 2 O 2 (35 kHz) et le Li 2 CO 3 (120 kHz) est d'intensité similaire à celle qui est typique des champs radiofréquences (de 40 kHz à 60 kHz). La fréquence de nutation du 7 Li devrait donc être influencée par ces deux interactions. Nous avons identifié les produits de décharge des cathodes cyclées en comparant les fréquences de nutation du 7 Li dans les cathodes cyclées à celles du 7 Li dans les substances pures sous un champ de radiofréquences appliqué de 30 kHz. Comme les fréquences de nutation du 7 Li dans les cathodes correspondaient à celles du 7 Li dans le Li 2 CO 3 pur, nous avons pu identifier le Li 2 CO 3 comme étant le principal produit de décharge dans des systèmes électrolytiques composés de carbonate de propylène / carbonate de diméthyle ou de phosphate de triméthyle. La fréquence de nutation du 7 Li de la cathode dans...

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Identifying lithium–air battery discharge products through 6Li solid-state MAS and 1H–13C solution NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

Extending battery life: A low-cost practical diagnostic technique for lithium-ion batteries

Identification of electrochemical reaction products in lithium–oxygen cells with ⁷Li nutation spectroscopy

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Identifying lithium–air battery discharge products through 6Li solid-state MAS and 1H–13C solution NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles

Extending battery life: A low-cost practical diagnostic technique for lithium-ion batteries

Identification of electrochemical reaction products in lithium–oxygen cells with 7Li nutation spectroscopy

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Identification of electrochemical reaction products in lithium–oxygen cells with ⁷Li nutation spectroscopy