Identifying key residual aluminum species responsible for aggravation of nanofiltration membrane fouling in drinking water treatment

Reduction of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling by the Pretreatment Removal of Emerging Pollutants: A Review

“…The pretreatment of pollutants with coagulants can not only effectively prevent macromolecular NOM from coming into contact with UF membranes, it can also enhance the hydrophobic components and aggregation degree of pollutants [ 35 ]. There are three main states of Al-based coagulants in hydrolysis processes: monomer aluminum (Al a ), intermediate aluminum (Al b ), and high-polymer aluminum (Al c ) [ 166 ]. Yuan et al believed that combining Al a and NOM to form complex Al a -NOM was the main contributor to membrane pollution, and that the content of Al a was significantly related to the degree of membrane pollution, in the range of tens to hundreds (μg/L).…”

“…Yuan et al believed that combining Al a and NOM to form complex Al a -NOM was the main contributor to membrane pollution, and that the content of Al a was significantly related to the degree of membrane pollution, in the range of tens to hundreds (μg/L). Compared with aluminum chloride, the use of PACl, which accounts for a relatively low proportion of Al a , can significantly alleviate the membrane pollution caused by Al a -NOM [ 166 ]. Chen et al proved through density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the coordination cross-linking of Fe (III) with three SA terminal carboxyl groups promoted the extension of the polymer chain.…”

Comparison of different coagulants to improve membrane distillation performance for landfill leachate concentrate treatment

“…This result could be attributed to ineffective floc formation when PAC was added to the leachate concentrate for coagulation and the residual Al 3+ ions, which triggers complexes of aluminum and natural organic matter to facilitate cake layer formation in subsequent MD operation. 34 3.2.2. Removal of bulk organic matter and nutrients.…”