Identifying IDH-mutant and 1p/19q noncodeleted astrocytomas from nonenhancing gliomas: Manual recognition followed by artificial intelligence recognition

Abstract

Background The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (T2FM) has nearly 100% specificity for predicting IDH-mutant and 1p/19q noncodeleted astrocytomas (astrocytomas). However, only 18.2% to 56.0% of astrocytomas demonstrate a positive T2FM. Methods must be considered for distinguishing astrocytomas from negative T2FM gliomas. In this study, positive T2FM gliomas were manually distinguished from non-enhancing gliomas, and then a support vector machine (SVM) classification model was used to distinguish astrocytomas from negative T2FM gliomas. Methods Non-enhancing gliomas (regardless of pathological type or grade) diagnosed between January 2022 and October 2022 ( N = 300) and November 2022 and March 2023 (N = 196) will comprise the training and validation sets, respectively. Our method for distinguishing astrocytomas from non-enhancing gliomas was examined and validated using the training set and validation set. Results The specificity of T2FM for predicting astrocytomas was 100% in both the training and validation sets, while the sensitivity was 42.75% and 67.22%, respectively. Using a classification model of SVM based on radiomics features, among negative T2FM gliomas, the accuracy was above 85% when the prediction score was greater than 0.70 in identifying astrocytomas and above 95% when the prediction score was less than 0.30 in identifying non-astrocytomas. Conclusion Manual screening of positive T2FM gliomas, followed by the SVM classification model to differentiate astrocytomas from negative T2FM gliomas, maybe a more effective method for identifying astrocytomas in non-enhancing gliomas.