Identifying Elastic Constants for PPS Technical Material When Designing and Printing Parts Using FDM Technology

Abstract

This paper introduces a methodology to study the anisotropic elastic constants of technical phenylene polysulfide thermoplastic (PPS), printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) in order to provide designers with a guide to achieve the required mechanical properties in a printed part. The properties given by the manufacturer are usually taken from injected samples and these are not the real properties for printed parts. Compared to other plastic materials, PPS offers higher mechanical and thermal resistance, lower moisture absorption, higher dimensional stability, is highly resistant to chemical attacks and environmental aging, and its fireproof performance is good. One of the main difficulties presented when calculating and designing for FDM printing is that printed parts present anisotropic behavior i.e., they do not have the same properties in different directions. Haltera-type samples were printed in the three manufacturing directions according to optimum parameters for material printing, aimed at calculating the anisotropic matrix of the material. The samples were tested in order to meet standards and values for elastic modulus, shear modulus and tensile strength were obtained, using Digital Image Correlation System to measure the deformations. An approximated transversally isotropic matrix was defined using the obtained values. The fracture was analyzed using SEM microscopy to check whether the piece was printed correctly. Finally, the obtained matrix was validated by a flexural test and a finite element simulation.

Elasto-Plastic Mechanical Modeling of Fused Deposition 3D Printing Materials

“…The printing strategy strongly affects material properties, so the raster angle and the stacking sequence of the layers are relevant parameters for the mechanical performance of the final component. In the present work, the authors decided to alternate +45° and −45° raster angles, as shown in Figure 1 , attributing the transversely isotropic hypothesis to this choice [ 11 , 15 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Many research studies have focused on the characterization of the mechanical properties of FDM parts using tensile tests [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The raster angle of the specimens was varied to investigate the dependence from the direction tested of elastic moduli [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], tensile elastic limits [ 7 , 10 , 14 ], and tensile ultimate strengths [ 7 ]. The results show a great difference between the mechanical properties in various directions, displaying the strong anisotropy that characterizes FDM-printed parts.…”

“…Finite element analysis represents a very important tool for mechanical design and verification; however, it has not been fully developed for this type of component. Many research works have attempted to model the behavior of FDM parts, mainly focusing on elastic properties [ 11 , 15 ] and ultimate tensile strength [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], achieving interesting results. The plastic behavior of FDM materials has also been investigated and some works proposed strategies to describe it [ 10 , 19 ]; however, this aspect is particularly difficult to model due to the lack of understanding of this phenomenon.…”

“…Given the printing strategy of the FDM process, the differences in mechanical properties in the printing plane can be neglected [ 11 , 15 , 17 , 18 ] or can be seen as equivalent those in the vertical plane [ 19 ]; hence, the material can be considered as transversely isotropic.…”

Effect of Processing Temperature and the Content of Carbon Nanotubes on the Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Polyphenylene Sulfide

“…EMI shielding of nonwovens was tested and the results were satisfying. Moreover, PPS can be also used as a material for the filament to 3D printing [23]. Parans Paranthaman et al used PPS/NbFeB composites to produce permanent magnets using the FDM technique [24].…”