Identifying demographic and psychosocial factors related to the escalation of smoking behavior among Mexican American adolescents

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States; smoking in Mexican American adolescents, a rapidly growing population, remains a major concern. Factors associated with escalation or progression along the smoking trajectory have not been studied in adolescent Mexican Americans. A better understanding of escalation is needed for cancer prevention and overall health. N=1,328 Mexican American adolescents joined a cohort in 2005–06. At baseline participants provided demographic, acculturation and psychosocial data, and reported their smoking status using the Minnesota Smoking Index. Those that never tried a cigarette or only had a few puffs in their life were included in this study. The primary outcome of interest, escalation in smoking status, was defined as moving up the Minnesota Smoking Index by 2010–2011. The current analysis is based on 973 participants of whom 48.2% were male, mean age=11.8 (SD=0.8), and 26.0% were born in Mexico. By 2010–2011, 283 (29%) escalated their smoking status and 690 (71%) remained the same. Being older (OR=1.30; CI=1.07–1.57), male (OR=1.88, CI=1.40–2.53), having higher levels of anxiety (OR=1.03, CI=1.02–1.05), intending to smoke (OR=1.70, CI=1.18–2.46), having friends who smoke (OR=1.73, CI=1.12–2.70) and having parents’ friends who smoke (OR=1.38, CI=1.02–1.88) increased risk for smoking escalation. Higher levels of subjective social status (OR=0.91, CI= 0.83–0.99) were protective against smoking escalation. Contrasting previous work in smoking experimentation, parents’ friends influence was a stronger predictor than the family household influence. Preventative interventions for Mexican American youth could address this risk factor to reduce smoking escalation.

Social norms as a predictor of smoking uptake among youth: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of prospective cohort studies

“…The search identified 11 831 articles, 30 of which were included in the narrative review [53–82] and 17 in the meta‐analysis [53–69] (Figure 1). Reasons for exclusion from the meta‐analysis are listed in Supporting information, Table S3.…”

“…Seventeen articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Unadjusted associations between norms and smoking initiation were available directly from 11 articles [53,55–57,59,60,62,63,66,67,69]. Authors provided data for six articles [54,58,61,64,65,68].…”

Development and initial testing of the brief adolescent smoking curiosity scale (ASCOS)

“…Answer choices ranged from I am not at all tempted to try smoking to I am very tempted to try smoking (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94) (Paiva, Amoyal, Johnson, & Prochaska, 2014). Number of friends who smoke was assessed by asking “How many of your friends smoke?” (Shete & Wilkinson, 2017). Agreeing with the pros of smoking was measured using 5 items such as “People my age who smoke get more respect from others” (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81).…”

Hubungan Tingkat Stres, Pengaruh Keluarga, dan Teman Sebaya dengan Status Merokok pada Mahasiswa Laki-Laki UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Tahun 2019

“…Dalam sebuah penelitian Joseph K. Ukwayi et al 7 menunjukkan bahwa pada 46% penggunaan tembakau dikalangan mahasiswa di Universitas Calabar dipengaruhi oleh pergaulan dengan teman sebaya. Penelitian lain pada remaja Mexican-American, Shete et al 8 menunjukkan bahwa perilaku merokok pada remaja berhubungan kuat dengan beberapa faktor diantaranya memiliki teman yang merokok dan memiliki tingkat stres (anxiety) yang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Badr et al 9 menunjukkan bahwa Remaja yang orang tuanya merokok memiliki resiko 2,43 kali lebih mungkin untuk merokok.…”