Identifying Deformation and Strain Hardening Behaviors of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers Through Nano-wear Testing

Economy, David Ross; Mara, Nathan A.; Schoeppner, Rachel L.; Schultz, Bradley M.; Unocic, Raymond R.; Kennedy, Marian S.

doi:10.1007/s11661-015-3284-7

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…These additional experiments and analyses thus suggest that to maximize the beneficial effect of interfaces on the wear resistance, the bilayer period should be small, typically below ≈20–30 nm in Cu/Ag. This conclusion is in good agreement with the recent results reported on Al/Ti and Cu/Nb multilayers …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Specifically, the wear rates fall off too rapidly with the decreasing bilayer period. A similar effect is also present in the data recently reported for Cu/Nb multilayers subjected to microwear tests similar to ours, although this effect was not directly identified or discussed in that work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This conclusion is in good agreement with the recent results reported on Al/Ti 18 and Cu/Nb multilayers. 45…”

Section: Wear Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear Resistance of Cu/Ag Multilayers: A Microscopic Study

Madhavan

Bellon

Averback

2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The microscopic wear behavior of copper-silver multilayer samples was studied by performing sliding wear tests using a tribo-indenter. Multilayers with an average composition of CuAg and Ag layer thicknesses ranging from 2 to 20 nm were grown by magnetron sputtering. For reference, a homogeneous CuAg solid solution film was similarly grown. The thin films were subjected to two-dimensional wear tests by rastering a cono-spherical diamond indenter under loads of 100-400 μN for 1-20 consecutive passes or cycles. The wear volumes were determined by atomic force microscopy. Characterization of the specimens employed nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear rates were found to reach steady state after five cycles or less. The hardness values of the as-grown and worn samples both increased with decreasing thickness of the Cu and Ag layers, whereas the steady-state wear rates decreased. Notably, the wear resistance increased faster than the corresponding increase in indentation hardness, indicating a deviation from the Archard's law. An inverse relationship between the wear rate and hardness was, however, recovered when using scratch hardness, suggesting that scratch hardness is a better predictor of wear resistance. Characterization of subsurface wear microstructures by TEM revealed that forced chemical mixing and dissolution of layers occur to a depth of ≈40 to 50 nm, stabilizing a chemically homogeneous solid solution below the wear surface. Comparative wear tests on thicker multilayers revealed that Cu/Ag interfaces reduced the wear rate significantly, thus helping to rationalize the high wear resistance of thin multilayers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Wear Resistance of Cu/Ag Multilayers: A Microscopic Study

Madhavan

Bellon

Averback

2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Soon after the discovery of GMR, the number of reports summarizing other properties increased exponentially. Since then, compositionally modulated systems have been the focus of research in the areas of mechanical [8,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], optical [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80], electrical [81] and magnetic [2,3,25,29,48,82,83] properties, as well as for tolerance to radiation damage [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91], thermal conductivity [92] and thermal stability [34,35,…”

Section: Nmmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wear studies provide further mechanical behavior insight into deformation and material loss under sliding contact [67], as well as its effects on the material's servicability and durability [282]. Wear resistance is known to depend on hardness and therefore, a suitable approach to improved wear resistance has been achieved using systems with layers a few nanometers in thickness, for which less volume loss due to wear and deformation has been observed [67]. However, it has been seen that the applied load, velocity, elastic properties of the constituent elements [67,264,282,283] and the presence of internal stresses [264] affect the wear response.…”

Section: Improved Ductility and Wear Resistance In Nmmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials by design: a review of nanoscale metallic multilayers

Sáenz-Trevizo

Hodge

2020

Nanotechnology

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Nanoscale metallic multilayers have been shown to have a wide range of outstanding properties, which differ to a great extent from those observed in monolithic films. Their exceptional properties are mainly associated with the large number of interfaces and the nanoscale layer thicknesses. Many studies have investigated these materials focusing on magnetic, mechanical, optical, or radiation tolerance properties. Thus, this review provides a summary of the findings in each area, including a description of the general attributes, the adopted synthesis methods and most common characterization techniques used. This information is followed by a compendium of the material properties and a brief discussion of related experimental data, as well as existing and promising applications. Other phenomena of interest, including thermal stability studies, self-propagating reactions and the progression from nano multilayers to amorphous and/or crystalline alloys, are also covered. In general, this review highlights the use of nano multilayer architectures as viable routes to overcome the challenges of designing and implementing new engineering materials at the nanoscale.

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