Identifying crime victims who are at high risk for post traumatic stress disorder: developing a practical referral instrument

Wohlfarth, Tamar; Winkel, Frans Willem; Brink, Wim van den

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01099.x

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a prospective study, Sijbrandij, et al12 found that SPAN had an even higher specificity than DTS in the same study population. Taken along with other prior reports, these data strongly suggest that brief screening measures can perform as well as longer-term instruments 9,25,26. Furthermore, our current results also suggest that screening instruments evaluating a subset of PTSD symptoms have the advantage of brevity, while maintaining accuracy, as compared to those attempting to evaluate all PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of SPAN

et al. 2011

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PurposeThe SPAN, which is acronym standing for its four components: Startle, Physiological arousal, Anger, and Numbness, is a short post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening scale. This study sought to develop and validate a Korean version of the SPAN (SPAN-K).Materials and MethodsNinety-three PTSD patients (PTSD group), 73 patients with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (psychiatric control group), and 88 healthy participants (normal control group) were recruited for this study. Participants completed a variety of psychiatric assessments including the SPAN-K, the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsCronbach's α and test-retest reliability values for the SPAN-K were both 0.80. Mean SPAN-K scores were 10.06 for the PTSD group, 4.94 for the psychiatric control group, and 1.42 for the normal control group. With respect to concurrent validity, correlation coefficients were 0.87 for SPAN-K vs. CAPS total scores (p<0.001) and 0.86 for SPAN-K vs. DTS scores (p<0.001). Additionally, correlation coefficients were 0.31 and 0.42 for SPAN-K vs. STAI-S and STAI-T, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of SPAN-K showed good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. The SPAN-K showed the highest efficiency at a cutoff score of 7, with a sensitivity of 0.83, a specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.88, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.73.ConclusionThese results suggest that the SPAN-K had good psychometric properties and may be a useful instrument for rapid screening of PTSD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of SPAN

et al. 2011

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“…Furthermore, this association remained significant after accounting for childhood experiences of victimization. While previous work has documented the multitude of negative health effects from early experiences of victimization (e.g., poor mental health outcomes), [16][17][18][19][20][21] these findings highlight the long-term impact specific to adolescent victimization beyond young adulthood, and contribution to violence perpetration in low income Black communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…1 Results from the most recent National Victimization Survey, conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, reveal that Blacks living in urban areas and Blacks ages [16][17][18][19] years are at greatest risk for victimization from violent crimes such as aggravated assault, sexual assault or rape, and robbery. 1,2 In 2010, the rate of violent victimization due to aggravated assault was highest among Blacks (20.8 per 1,000 ages 12 or older) as compared to White non-Hispanics (13.6 per 1,000) and Hispanics (15.6 per 1,000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Experiences of Violence and Relation to Violence Perpetration beyond Young Adulthood among an Urban Sample of Black and African American Males

et al. 2013

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The purpose of this study is to determine if experiences of physical violence during early and late adolescence (12-21 years) places urban Black males at increased risk for interpersonal violence perpetration beyond young adulthood (30 years and older). Participants of this cross-sectional study were Black and African American men (N0455) between the ages of 30 and 65 years, recruited from four urban clinical sites in the Northeast. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relation of adolescent experiences of violence to: (1) past 6 month street violence involvement and (2) past year intimate partner violence perpetration. Ten percent of the sample reported that they experienced adolescent victimization. Men reporting adolescent victimization were significantly more likely to report past 6-month street violence involvement (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)03.2, 95 % CI01.7-6.3) and past 6 month intimate partner violence perpetration (AOR02.8, 95 % CI01.8-5.4) compared to men who did not report such victimization. Study findings suggest that in order to prevent adulthood perpetration of violence, more work is needed to address experiences of victimization among young Black males, particularly violence experienced during adolescence.

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“…A more recent US study found that 10% of victims had utilised these services (Zaykowski, 2014). Wohlfarth, Winkel and Van den Brink (2002) found that 60% of those suffering from symptoms of PTSD in a Dutch sample had not accessed victim support services 3 months after reporting their experience to the police. A more recent UK study found that only 23.5% of victims of violent crime responded to initial contact from Victim Support (Lowe et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

A qualitative examination of engagement with support services by victims of violent crime

Bryce¹,

Brooks²,

Robinson³

et al. 2016

International Review of Victimology

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Research suggests that victim engagement with support services is generally low, and that many individuals are at risk of trauma symptomology and associated negative psychological outcomes as a result. The existing literature examining barriers to engagement with victim services is relatively small and largely quantitative, and a detailed qualitative examination of decisions to engage with victim services has yet to be undertaken. To address this gap in the literature, the current study examined provision of information and referral processes by the police, initial and follow up contact with support services, and perceived barriers to engagement. Victim evaluations of accessed services were also examined. 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the victims of violent criminal victimisation during a 6 month period in a Police Force in England and Wales. Participants who engaged with victim services reported experiencing significant benefits as a result of the support they received. However, there was a generally low level of engagement with Victim Support and other services in the sample. A number of different factors associated with lack of engagement were identified by the analysis, consistent with previous research. The paper ends by considering the implications of the study for developing more effective strategies for increasing victim engagement in ways consistent with current local, national and European policy. 3Public policy in the United Kingdom has recently placed greater emphasis on the importance of the needs of victims and a focus on increasing their engagement with the Criminal Justice System (CJS) and support services (Burrows, 2014;Ministry of Justice, 2015). This is a timely change in focus given that the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) recorded 1.9 million violent incidents in 2012/13 (Office for National Statistics, 2014). These figures suggest that there are a significant number of victims of violent crime each year who, as a result of their experiences, are at risk of developing trauma symptoms (e.g., avoidance behaviours, negative moods) which can subsequently lead to substance use problems, poor emotional regulation, and increased risk of psychiatric disorders (Davidson, Devaney and Spratt, 2010;Stimmel, Cruise, Ford and Weiss, 2014; Walsh, Danielson, McCauley, Saunders, Kipatrick and Resnick, 2012). These victimisation impacts are not limited to the specific time at which the crime occurs, but can also have long term consequences for psychological and physical health (Halligan, Michael, Clark and Ehlers, 2003).These complex and potentially long term impacts of victimisation indicate the need to ensure the availability and access to appropriate support services for individuals in such situations to help them cope with their experiences (Mayhew and Reilly, 2008;Ringham and Salisbury, 2004). This is reflected in current policy and policing procedures in England and Wales which refer the victims of violent crime who access police services to Victim Support in or...

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Identifying crime victims who are at high risk for post traumatic stress disorder: developing a practical referral instrument

Abstract: This study demonstrates that early detection of high-risk victims and their referral to treatment is both necessary and possible.

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of SPAN

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of SPAN

Adolescent Experiences of Violence and Relation to Violence Perpetration beyond Young Adulthood among an Urban Sample of Black and African American Males

A qualitative examination of engagement with support services by victims of violent crime

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