Identifying contributing factors to China’s declining share of renewable energy consumption: no silver bullet to decarbonisation

Abstract

Renewable energy consumption (REC) holds the key to sustainable development. Therefore, many studies have considered the role of REC. However, the factors influencing the REC share in total energy usage (SREC) are not well investigated. Especially, the factors of China’s fast-shrinking SREC are understudied. This research void on the world’s largest renewable energy producer and consumer, i.e., China’s decreasing SREC, is alarming and requires thorough investigation. Our study intends to fill this gap by analyzing the factors of China’s decreasing SREC. The study uses both the conventional (descriptive and directional correlational analyses) and some unconventional (automatic linear modeling (ALM) and Artificial neural network (ANN) multilayer perceptron (MLP)) approach to investigate the factors of China’s decreasing SREC. The initial hypothesis testing and most reliable model validation were achieved via directional correlational (Pearson and Spearman) and ALM analyses. The ANN MLP (two hidden layers) indicated that the most critical factor is “Combustible renewables and waste,” with a 100% normalized importance. It was followed by “urbanization (64.2%), gross savings (56.1%), and alternative and nuclear energy (38%),” respectively. It is suggested that the Chinese government and private investors prioritize their investments based on factors’ importance ranking. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-20972-x.

Machine Learning Applications in Renewable Energy (MLARE) Research: A Publication Trend and Bibliometric Analysis Study (2012–2021)

“…The findings indicate that China is the most influential country involved in MLARE research based on its high TC/TP ratio = 20.80, whereas the US is the most prolific country (TC/TP = 18.36). The enormous interest of China-based researchers in MLARE research could be linked to the nation's growing interest in decarbonizing its fossil fuel-dominated energy mix by transiting to cleaner sources of energy [65,66]. According to the World Research Institute (WRI), China is the largest global emitter of greenhouse gases with emissions estimated to be 11,886.8 million tonnes of CO 2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) or 25.76% of the global total, which is followed by the USA with 5907.3 million tonnes of CO 2e or 12.8% [67].…”