Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance

Ahn, Jisong; Kim, Min Jung; Yoo, Ahyoung; Ahn, Jiyun; Ha, Tae Youl; Jung, Chang Hwa; Seo, Hyo Deok; Jang, Young Jin

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129463

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The dried materials ground using a blender is sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh. After collecting the materials, it was filtered through Whatman filter paper (No 6, Whatman plc), concentrated in a vacuum evaporator, and then lyophilized (Ahn et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. fragile extract (CFE) could reduce inflammation in macrophage cells and edema animal models, and a polysaccharide from C. fragile was useful in cancer treatment by immune enhancement (Lee et al, 2017; Park et al, 2020). We previously reported that C. fragile promotes protein synthesis and oxidative remodeling in adult mice, resulting in enhanced muscle weight and exercise endurance (Ahn et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

Seo

Lee

Ahn

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Codium fragile (C. fragile) is a marine alga with high functional food potential. Recent studies have proven C. fragile extract (CFE) effective against obesity. However, the exact underlying mechanism of CFE's anti‐obesity effects remains unclear. Herein, CFE was orally administered to male C57BL/6 mice for 7 weeks, along with a high‐fat diet. CFE (100 mg/kg) effectively induced weight loss, lowered serum cholesterol levels, and suppressed adipocyte differentiation in white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, CFE effectively reduced hepatic total triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid levels, while significantly improving liver size and color. mRNA expression analysis in WAT and liver tissue revealed that CFE significantly suppressed the expression of PPARγ and aP‐2 in adipocyte differentiation, and SREBP‐1c and FAS in de novo lipogenesis, suggesting that CFE's anti‐obesity effect is exerted by gene inhibition. Practical applications Research on marine plants with anti‐obesity effects has been increasing recently. This study demonstrated that C. fragile extract (CFE) is effective in reducing body weight and suppressing adipocyte differentiation, along with the improvement of fatty liver in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD). The anti‐obesity effect of CFE was exhibited by the down‐regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. Based on these results, C. fragile could be useful, not only to effectively combat obesity but also in improving obesity‐induced liver dysfunction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

Seo

Lee

Ahn

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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“…Muscle atrophy and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remodeling are inevitable in sarcopenia ( 44 ). Gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), which improves NMJ structure, is one of the main proteins in preventing muscle destruction and improves muscle conditions in older age with sarcopenia ( 81 ). BFR plus low-intensity aerobic exercise can increase the expression of PGC-1α, which in turn likely improves the NMJ structure, and its mandatory proteins may prevent II fiber damage and put them in a better situation ( 64 , 82 , 83 ).…”

Section: The Mechanisms Underlying Bfrt In Treating Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder and can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Its definitions, given by the AWGS and EWGSOP, are widely used. Sarcopenia is measured by muscle strength, muscle quantity or mass and physical performance. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have grown. The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) training has received increased attention in managing sarcopenia. BFR is accomplished using a pneumatic cuff on the proximal aspect of the exercising limb. Two main methods of exercise, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, have been applied with BFR in treating sarcopenia. Both methods can increase muscle mass and muscle strength to a certain extent. Intricate mechanisms are involved during BFRT. Currently, the presented mechanisms mainly include responses in the blood vessels and related hormones, such as growth factors, tissue hypoxia-related factors and recruitment of muscle fiber as well as muscle satellite cells. These mechanisms contribute to the positive balance of skeletal muscle synthesis, which in turn mitigates sarcopenia. As a more suited and more effective way of treating sarcopenia and its comorbidities, BFRT can serve as an alternative to traditional exercise for people who have marked physical limitations or even show superior outcomes under low loads. However, the possibility of causing stress or muscle damage must be considered. Cuff size, pressure, training load and other variables can affect the outcome of sarcopenia, which must also be considered. Thoroughly studying these factors can help to better determine an ideal BFRT scheme and better manage sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities. As a well-tolerated and novel form of exercise, BFRT offers more potential in treating sarcopenia and involves deeper insights into the function and regulation of skeletal muscle.

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“…Tomatidine also attenuates inflammation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extends health span ( 88 - 90 ). Seaweeds Codium fragile and Undaria pinnatifida extracts improve running endurance and skeletal muscle mass by upregulating PPARδ and ERRγ, AMPK and ERRγ, respectively ( 6 , 91 ). γ-Oryzanol, containing a mixture of triterpene alcohols and sterol ferulates found in rice bran oil, is a well-known antioxidant used by body builders and athletes to boost strength and increase muscle gain ( 92 ).…”

Section: Candidates For Natural Exercise Mimeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators

Jang

Byun

2021

BMB Rep

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Physical exercise can be effective in preventing or ameliorating various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, not everyone may be able to participate in exercise due to illnesses, age-related frailty, or difficulty in long-term behavior change. An alternative option is to utilize pharmacological interventions that mimic the positive effects of exercise training. Recent studies have identified signaling pathways associated with the benefits of physical activity and discovered exercise mimetics that can partially simulate the systemic impact of exercise. This review describes the molecular targets for exercise mimetics and their effect on skeletal muscle and other tissues. We will also discuss the potential advantages of using natural products as a multitargeting agent for mimicking the health-promoting effects of exercise. [

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Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective

Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators

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