Identifying and validating game design elements in serious game guideline for climate change

Abstract

Climate change can simply be defined as an increase in temperature, normally referred to as global warming. Recent studies have confirmed the failure of many climate communication efforts due to the one-directional transmission of information that has transformed the audience into passive consumers of information. The young generation tends to be avid gamers, thus serious games could be a suitable medium to increase climate change awareness in order to cultivate a better attitude towards nature among this group. However, very few games focus on carbon cycle fundamentals that are directly related to climate change. Existing climate change games have been unable to improve the quality of knowledge on environmental issues due to the lack of contextualization of the carbon cycle. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and verify a guideline of game design elements to assist game developers in developing a climate change game that can facilitate experiential learning on climate change based on the carbon cycle. The guideline consists of 13 game elements derived from previous studies. Seven experts from both game and environmental areas were selected to review the designed guideline. The experts were given two to six weeks to evaluate the guideline and were asked to rate and comment on each game element. At the end of the review, the experts' feedback and comments were analysed and scrutinised. The results showed positive feedback from all experts. The guideline was updated based on the experts’ comments, and finally a total of 12 game elements for a climate change game remained. This guideline can be applied to develop a new climate change game. This paper discusses the validation of the guideline proposed for a climate change game design.

Guidelines of Serious Game Design for Promoting Reframing

“…( N-A)!] * 0.5N (Zamanzadeh et al, 2015), where Pc = the probability of chance agreement, N = number of experts, A = number of experts who agree the item is related (Li, 2021; Rodrigues et al, 2017; Zamanzadeh et al, 2015; Razali et al, 2022). The Kappa value is considered excellent when it is greater than 0.74; if the value is between 0.60 and 0.74, this means good; the value between 0.40 and 0.59 is considered fair (Rodrigues et al, 2017).…”

“…For the second part of the methodology, expert evaluation was adopted to investigate the content validation of guidelines. In light of some studies, an expert evaluation rating scale for domain content was five to seven experts (e.g., Dumas & Grajo, 2022; Razali et al, 2022). Hence, this research selected seven experts from their focus areas of teaching (n =3) or game design (n =4).…”

“…As Zamanzadeh et al (2015) indicate that prerequisites of assessment (e.g., if there is a potential bias happening) could be completed by carrying out this method that calculates both item levels (I-CVIs) and the scale level (S-CVI). This investigation obtained the I-CVI by dividing the number of experts associated with the assessment element by the total number of experts (Razali et al, 2022); S-CVI is calculated using the total number of elements to divide the sum of the obtained I-CVIs (Razali et al, 2022; Zamanzadeh et al, 2015).…”

“…According to Heiko (2012), the Interquartile Range (IQR) was frequently utilised in the consensus among the answers as a measurement of variability in terms of the distribution of quartiles of the data. The data is divided into three equal parts, including the first, second and third quartiles and IQR (the first quartile subtracted from the third quartile) (Razali et al, 2022). The elements with an IQR score should remain when the score is one or less.…”

Try Dam: Digital Checkers Game Application Based on Machine Learning

“…Due to the development of technology, the younger generation are more inclined to play mobile games than traditional ones. Tremendous progress in digital game research and development in various areas such as in learning, health care, climate change also lead to increase game popularity Nursyahida et al, 2018;Ramli et al, 2022;Razali et al, 2022).…”