Identifying and Recording Key Morphological (Nonmetric) Crown and Root Traits

Scott, G. Richard; Maier, Christopher; Heim, Kelly

doi:10.1002/9781118845486.ch17

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This system comprises a set of dental casts illustrating expression levels for various traits and specific instructions to ensure a standardized scoring procedure that minimizes observer error. Only traits on key teeth were recorded (Scott, Maier, & Heim, ). Scoring followed the individual count method, where a trait was counted only once per dentition, regardless of whether or not the trait appeared bilaterally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(McIlvaine et al, ; Nikita, Schrock, Sabetai, & Vlachogianni, ). All dental data from Greece were collected from the same key teeth as those utilized in this study (Scott et al, ) and were dichotomized using the same criteria detailed above. Prior to analysis we removed traits that showed strong inter‐correlations in our southern Italian sample (see Data Preprocessing section above) and we dropped traits that were monomorphic across ancestry reference groups (Double Shoveling UI1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains

Rathmann

Kyle

Nikita

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives:We are testing competing scenarios regarding the population history of the ancient Greek colonization of southern Italy using dental phenotypic evidence. Materials and Methods:We collected dental metric and nonmetric trait data for 481 human skeletons from six archaeological sites along the Gulf of Taranto, dating to pre-colonial (900-700 BC) and post-colonial periods (700-200 BC). We are evaluating scenarios through an individual-level biodistance analysis using a three-pronged approach: (a) by analyzing levels of mobility in pre-and post-colonial periods under a model of isolation-by-distance; (b) by quantifying differences in group means and variances in pre-and post-colonial periods utilizing permutational multivariate analysis of variance and Betadisper analyses; and (c) by identifying ancestries of post-colonial individuals using naïve Bayes classification. Results: Southern Italy during pre-colonial times was characterized by low levels of mobility and marked differences in group means and variances. During post-colonial times, mobility increased and there were no differences in group means and variances. About 18% of the people in post-colonial times were of Greek ancestry and lived equally distributed across Greek colonies and indigenous villages. Nevertheless, the overall biological composition and variability of southern Italy remained relatively unchanged across pre-and post-colonial periods. Discussion: Our results support a scenario in which only few Greek colonists migrated to southern Italy and lived in smaller numbers alongside indigenous people in Greek colonies as well as in indigenous villages. Our results contradict a scenario in which large numbers of Greek invaders founded biologically isolated and substantially homogeneous colonial enclaves within conquered territories.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains

Rathmann

Kyle

Nikita

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Tooth traits for all individuals were recorded using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS;Turner et al 1991). Reference manuals, recent publications (Scott and Turner, 1997;Weets, 2009;Marado and Silva, 2016;Scott et al, 2016;Scott and Irish, 2017), and consultation with Joel Irish were used to identify these traits as neither the lingual cuspule nor paraconid are included in the ASUDAS. Based on information from available sources, the descriptions presented below were used to identify the two cusps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the course of human evolution there is a simplification in the expression of tooth traits (i.e. a reduction in cusp number, and occlusal ridges; Bailey and Hublin, 2013); however, there still exists considerable variation in the expression of dental morphology in world populations (Turner et al, 1991;Scott and Turner, 1997;Hanihara, 2008;Scott et al, 2016;Irish, 2016). Placement of tooth cusps, both principal and accessory, can be used to discuss morphological variation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of two near absent dental traits, mesial cuspule and paraconid, on one Archaic period modern human from the Ohio Valley

Blankenship-Sefczek

2019

DAJ

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Presented here are the linugal cuspule and paraconid; two traits considered near absent (occurring <1%) in world populations. Both traits were found on lower third molars of one individual from late Archaic (2500-500BC) site of Shick in, Handcock County, Ohio. Rare dental anomalies in modern humans inform about biological variation and evolutionary changes. The Lingual Cuspule has only been reported in one other world population, thus very little is known about this anomaly. It was thought that paraconids have been otherwise lost in primate evolution starting in the Oligocene (34-23 MYA). The expression of a paraconid in modern humans could suggest secondary evolution of this trait. Further reporting of both traits is necessary to discuss the implications of human dental evolution which result from the presence of these variants.

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“…), morphometric and nonmetric variation (Hemphill ; Scott et al. ), forensic studies (Edgar and Rautman ; Schmidt ; Stojanowski et al. ), and health and disease (Guatelli‐Steinberg ; Temple ).…”

Section: For Your Reading Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Anthropology in 2015: Open Access, Biocultural Interactions, and Social Change

Willermet

2016

American Anthropologist

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The year 2015 was an active research year in biological anthropology in many areas, including fossil hominins, ancient DNA, health and disease, and primate research. Particularly noteworthy this year was a sea change in paleoanthropological research when the newest fossil discovery, Homo naledi, was shared both through open-access journal articles and through 3D printable fossil casts. Despite many bright research areas, we continue to struggle with issues of sexual harassment and diversity, as do many sciences, and I discuss positive, substantive actions in these areas. With race, genetics, health, and primates in the news, public interest in biological anthropology is booming. I highlight social media that pull people into well-researched content areas and new books that reflect the breadth of the field. [biological anthropology, physical anthropology, fossil hominins, epigenetics, health disparities, open access, year in review]RESUMEN El año 2015 fue un año activo en investigación en antropología biológica en muchasáreas, incluyendo homínidos fósiles, ADN antiguo, salud y enfermedad, e investigación de primates. Particularmente notable este año fue el cambio radical en la investigación paleo-antropológica cuando el más nuevo descubrimiento fósil, Homo naledi, fue compartido tanto por artículos de acceso abierto como por moldes fósiles imprimibles en 3D. A pesar de muchasáreas brillantes de investigación, continuamos luchando con cuestiones de acoso sexual y diversidad, como muchas ciencias lo hacen, y discuto acciones positivas, sustanciales en estasáreas. Con raza, genética, salud, Supporting InformationAdditional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's website:Cathy Willermet- Figure 1 permission.

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Identifying and Recording Key Morphological (Nonmetric) Crown and Root Traits

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains

Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains

Expression of two near absent dental traits, mesial cuspule and paraconid, on one Archaic period modern human from the Ohio Valley

Biological Anthropology in 2015: Open Access, Biocultural Interactions, and Social Change

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