Identifying and managing common childhood language and speech impairments

Reilly, Sheena; McKean, Cristina; Morgan, Angela; Wake, Melissa

doi:10.1136/bmj.h2318

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover there is a subgroup of children whose early vocabulary skills were within the normal range but later deteriorated. In line with Reilly, McKean, Morgan and Wake (2015), these findings support the need for surveillance practices which monitor children's language development over time, even when testing in early childhood reports an absence of deficits. This would ensure support services are provided at the appropriate point in a child's development in an attempt to prevent future learning or behavioural problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Predicting receptive vocabulary change from childhood to adulthood: A birth cohort study

Armstrong

Scott

Copland

et al. 2016

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Predicting receptive vocabulary change from childhood to adulthood: A birth cohort study

Armstrong

Scott

Copland

et al. 2016

Journal of Communication Disorders

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“…In this study, the previously reported AED‐associated poorer language abilities in preschool years have been shown to persist into school age in AED‐exposed children of mothers with epilepsy. Our data shows that the language impairment at age 5 and 8 years may develop early or emerge later in the preschool years in children of mothers with epilepsy, as in children from the general population . Our findings suggest a possible long‐term AED‐associated effect on language abilities in offspring after foetal AED exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero – the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Husebye

Gilhus

Spigset

et al. 2019

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose The purpose was to examine the consequences of antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure during pregnancy on language abilities in children aged 5 and 8 years of mothers with epilepsy. Methods The study population included children of mothers with and without epilepsy enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 1999–2008. Mothers prospectively provided information on epilepsy diagnosis, AED use during pregnancy and the child’s language abilities at age 5 and 8 years, in questionnaires with validated language screening tools. AED concentrations in gestation week 17–19 and in the umbilical cord were measured. Results The study population included 346 AED‐exposed and 388 AED‐unexposed children of mothers with epilepsy, and 113 674 children of mothers without epilepsy. Mothers of 117 and 121 AED‐exposed children responded to the questionnaires at age 5 and 8 years, respectively. For AED‐exposed children, the adjusted odds ratio for language impairment was 1.6 [confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.5, P = 0.03] at age 5 years and 2.0 (CI 1.4–3.0, P < 0.001) at age 8 years, compared to children of mothers without epilepsy. Children exposed to carbamazepine monotherapy had a significantly increased risk of language impairment compared to control children at age 8 years (adjusted odds ratio 3.8, CI 1.6–9.0, P = 0.002). Higher maternal valproate concentrations correlated with language impairment at age 5 years. Periconceptional folic acid supplement use protected against AED‐associated language impairment. Conclusion Foetal AED exposure in utero is associated with an increased risk of language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years of mothers with epilepsy. Periconceptional folic acid use had a protective effect on AED‐associated language impairment.

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“…Historically, different diagnostic terminology has been used to describe children whose language difficulties are not accounted for by physical, cognitive and/or neurological causes (Bishop , Durkin and Conti‐Ramsden , Reilly et al . , ). These include language impairment (LI), DLD and specific language impairment (SLI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education and employment outcomes of young adults with a history of developmental language disorder

Conti‐Ramsden

Durkin

Toseeb

et al. 2017

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

179

137

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BackgroundDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) presents a considerable barrier for young adults to engage in further education and training. Early studies with young adults with DLD revealed poor educational achievement and lack of opportunities to progress in education. More recent studies have provided more positive findings. Relatively sparse data exist, however, on current cohorts and the factors that predict outcomes.AimsTo examine educational and employment outcomes in young adulthood in a sample of people with histories of DLD compared with an age‐matched peer group without DLD. We ask: How do educational pathways and early jobs compare between those with and without DLD? Are young adults with DLD receiving similar levels of income as their peers? To what extent are language and literacy abilities associated with outcomes?Methods & ProceduresParticipants included 84 individuals with DLD (67% males) and 88 age‐matched peers without DLD (56% males). Participants were on average 24 years of age. They completed a battery of psycholinguistic, literacy and nonverbal skills assessments. Data were also collected on educational qualifications, current educational status, extent of educational support received, employment status, history and support, as well as current income.Outcomes & ResultsThose with DLD obtained lower academic and vocational qualifications. Higher educational/vocational qualifications were associated with better language, better reading and higher performance IQ (PIQ). There were few differences between the two groups in terms of engagement with education, but the mean age at leaving education was significantly earlier in the participants with DLD. Substantially more participants with DLD reported receiving support or dispensation from their educational institution. There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of young people currently employed, though a higher proportion of the age‐matched peers was in work full time. Participants with DLD were much more likely to be in non‐professional occupations. However, when examining pay in relation to types of occupation, the groups’ incomes were broadly comparable.Conclusions & ImplicationsAt the group level, young people with a history of DLD more commonly have less skilled employment and more rarely achieve professional roles. At the individual level there is considerable variation with smaller but not trivial proportions of young adults with a history of DLD showing good educational and employment outcomes. There are positive aspects to early adult outcomes for some young people with a history of DLD.

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Identifying and managing common childhood language and speech impairments

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

Predicting receptive vocabulary change from childhood to adulthood: A birth cohort study

Predicting receptive vocabulary change from childhood to adulthood: A birth cohort study

Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero – the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Education and employment outcomes of young adults with a history of developmental language disorder

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