Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review

Kasdan, Anna; Burgess, Andrea; Pizzagalli, Fabrizio; Scartozzi, Alyssa; Chern, Alexander; Kotz, Sonja A.; Wilson, Stephen M.; Gordon, Reyna L.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104588

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Beta and alpha bands are relevant to engagement of motor networks, and therefore are relevant for sensory and motor disorders ( Saltuklaroglu et al, 2018 ). However, applications for musical sensorimotor timing critically rely on a more complete understanding of covert motor timing and what the neural substrate is supporting these processes ( Patel and Iversen, 2014 ; Kasdan et al, 2022 ). We suggest that covert motor processes should be studied using methods that do not require overt action, and we provide some examples of signatures of motor-related oscillatory phase alignment in EEG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To support the proposal that musical timing depends on continuous timing processes from co-opting of sensorimotor systems, evidence must show motor system engagement during musical timing perception with no motor action. It is critical for testing this account of musical timing that passive tasks are used that do not involve overt motor action ( Grahn and Brett, 2007 , 2009 ; Chen et al, 2008a ; Bengtsson et al, 2009 ; Iversen et al, 2009 ; Stupacher et al, 2013 ; Kasdan et al, 2022 ). Imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), MEG, and EEG can be used in place of finger-tapping to understand predictive timing without motor actions during passive music listening.…”

Section: Sensorimotor Engagement When There Is No Motor Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Music makes us move ( Repp, 2005a , b ; Janata et al, 2012 ; Iversen and Balasubramaniam, 2016 ; Ross et al, 2016a ). But the more surprising finding is the phenomenon that movement planning networks are active when we listen to musical rhythms in the absence of any overt movement ( Grahn and Brett, 2007 , 2009 ; Chen et al, 2008a ; Bengtsson et al, 2009 ; Iversen et al, 2009 ; Stupacher et al, 2013 ; Kasdan et al, 2022 ). Further, musical rhythms spontaneously modulate human brain excitability across sensory networks and movement planning networks ( Repp, 2005a , b ; Janata et al, 2012 ; Iversen and Balasubramaniam, 2016 ; Ross et al, 2016a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction

Ross

Balasubramaniam

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Neural mechanisms supporting time perception in continuously changing sensory environments may be relevant to a broader understanding of how the human brain utilizes time in cognition and action. In this review, we describe current theories of sensorimotor engagement in the support of subsecond timing. We focus on musical timing due to the extensive literature surrounding movement with and perception of musical rhythms. First, we define commonly used but ambiguous concepts including neural entrainment, simulation, and prediction in the context of musical timing. Next, we summarize the literature on sensorimotor timing during perception and performance and describe current theories of sensorimotor engagement in the support of subsecond timing. We review the evidence supporting that sensorimotor engagement is critical in accurate time perception. Finally, potential clinical implications for a sensorimotor perspective of timing are highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensorimotor Engagement When There Is No Motor Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction

Ross

Balasubramaniam

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…Functional imaging and lesion studies have noted the roles of multiple brain areas in carrying out these functions. The areas include the cerebellum, basal ganglia, inferior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, thalamus, and supplementary motor area (Ivry and Spencer, 2004 ; Kung et al, 2013 ; Kasdan et al, 2022 ). In particular, the cerebellum has functional significance in the predictive coding of temporal information in speech (Lesage et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic errors in the perception of rhythm

Mansuri

Aleem

Grzywacz

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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One hypothesis for why humans enjoy musical rhythms relates to their prediction of when each beat should occur. The ability to predict the timing of an event is important from an evolutionary perspective. Therefore, our brains have evolved internal mechanisms for processing the progression of time. However, due to inherent noise in neural signals, this prediction is not always accurate. Theoretical considerations of optimal estimates suggest the occurrence of certain systematic errors made by the brain when estimating the timing of beats in rhythms. Here, we tested psychophysically whether these systematic errors exist and if so, how they depend on stimulus parameters. Our experimental data revealed two main types of systematic errors. First, observers perceived the time of the last beat of a rhythmic pattern as happening earlier than actual when the inter-beat interval was short. Second, the perceived time of the last beat was later than the actual when the inter-beat interval was long. The magnitude of these systematic errors fell as the number of beats increased. However, with many beats, the errors due to long inter-beat intervals became more apparent. We propose a Bayesian model for these systematic errors. The model fits these data well, allowing us to offer possible explanations for how these errors occurred. For instance, neural processes possibly contributing to the errors include noisy and temporally asymmetric impulse responses, priors preferring certain time intervals, and better-early-than-late loss functions. We finish this article with brief discussions of both the implications of systematic errors for the appreciation of rhythm and the possible compensation by the brain’s motor system during a musical performance.

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“…In addition, our sample might not have exhibited the relationship between rhythm processing and reading, because of a lack of brain changes related to low PE. Data from functional neuroimaging, neuropsychological patients, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) suggest different brain mechanisms for processing beat-based (temporal intervals relative to the other intervals in a pattern) and duration-based (temporal intervals encoded as a series of single absolute durations) information (see Kasdan et al, 2022 for a meta-analysis). These two processes mainly rely on the putamen and the cerebellum respectively; the latter has been related to a thinner cortex when growing in lower SES environments (Cavanagh et al, 2013;Machlin et al, 2020), which might be involved in lower performance in rhythm processing.…”

Section: Rhythm Matching Performance Is Related To Some Reading Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental education influences reading but not rhythm matching in children

Solorzano-Restrepo¹,

Thakkar²,

Engelhart³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose: Dyslexia is a common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed by failure to develop fluent reading and linked to genetic and environmental risk factors. Interestingly, individuals with dyslexia may also exhibit difficulties in rhythm processing as evidence suggests a relationship between rhythm matching and reading skills. Although parental education (PE) is a strong predictor of reading outcomes, it is unclear if PE also impacts rhythm skills. Therefore, the current study evaluated the potential impact of PE on rhythm skills in children, and whether rhythm skills affect the impact of PE on reading.Method: We enrolled 68 American children (7 to 12 years old) to complete an online assessment of reading ability and several virtual activities at their own pace, including a rhythm matching task. Results: We replicated prior studies reporting significant correlations between PE and reading skills, and partially replicated prior findings of a relationship between reading and rhythm matching skills. Interestingly, we found no correlation between rhythm matching and PE. Further, we found that rhythm did not influence the relationship between PE and reading. Our results suggest that while PE is significantly correlated with reading outcomes in young children, PE may not similarly influence rhythm matching.Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that there is no relationship between rhythm matching skills and PE, two well-documented reading predictors. These findings may have implications for understanding the development of music language and music and provides support for early rhythm-based interventions in children at risk for reading failure.

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Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review

Cited by 55 publications

References 172 publications

Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction

Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction

Systematic errors in the perception of rhythm

Parental education influences reading but not rhythm matching in children

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