‘Identify’ and ‘lock in’: molecular integration during synaptic target recognition

Hoang, Bao; Chiba, Akira

doi:10.1007/s000180050380

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…As a proportion of dry matter, none of the fiber sources contained substantial amounts of lignin, but lignin accounted for half of the fiber in the very small insoluble GA fiber fraction. The lignin in GA was probably an artifact due to large amounts of insoluble arabinogalactan proteins and other glycoproteins in GA preparations 18 rather than actual lignin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Degradation and Fermentation of Three Dietary Fiber Sources by Human Colonic Bacteria

Weimer

Jung

Savik

2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Although clinical benefits of dietary fiber supplementation seem to depend partially on the extent of fiber degradation and fermentation by colonic bacteria, little is known about the effect of supplemental fiber type on bacterial metabolism. In an experiment using a non-adapted human bacterial population from three normal subjects, extent of in vitro fermentation was greater for gum arabic (GA) than for psyllium (PSY), which was greater than that for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In a separate experiment, in vitro incubation with feces from 52 subjects with fecal incontinence, before and after random assignment to and consumption of one of three fiber (GA, PSY, or CMC) supplements or a placebo for 20-21d, indicated that prior consumption of a specific fiber source did not increase its degradation by fecal bacteria. Results suggest that the colonic microbial community enriched on a particular fiber substrate can rapidly adapt to the presentation of a new fiber substrate. Clinical implications of the findings are that intake of a fiber source by humans is not expected to result in bacterial adaptation that would require continually larger and eventually intolerable amounts of fiber to achieve therapeutic benefits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Degradation and Fermentation of Three Dietary Fiber Sources by Human Colonic Bacteria

Weimer

Jung

Savik

2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In the relative balance model, each fiber is defined as a target by a mixture of generally expressed attractive and repulsive axon guidance cues that distinguish it from its neighbors (Winberg et al, 1998). In the lock-and-key model, individual muscle fibers are specified by molecular labels that are recognized by receptors expressed by the innervating neurons (Hoang and Chiba, 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Screen of Cell-Surface Molecules Identifies Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins as Key Mediators of Synaptic Target Selection

Kurusu

Cording

Taniguchi

et al. 2008

Neuron

121

131

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Summary In Drosophila embryos and larvae, a small number of identified motor neurons innervate body wall muscles in a highly stereotyped pattern. Although genetic screens have identified many proteins that are required for axon guidance and synaptogenesis in this system, little is known about the mechanisms by which muscle fibers are defined as targets for specific motor axons. To identify potential target labels, we screened 410 genes encoding cell-surface and secreted proteins, searching for those whose overexpression on all muscle fibers causes motor axons to make targeting errors. Thirty such genes were identified, and a number of these were members of a large gene family encoding proteins whose extracellular domains contain leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequences, which are protein interaction modules. By manipulating gene expression in muscle 12, we showed that four LRR proteins participate in the selection of this muscle as the appropriate synaptic target for the RP5 motor neuron.

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“…Synaptic target recognition, achieved through integrated synaptogenic events, is only a required first step for the initiation of synaptogenesis. At some point, the specific cell recognition mediated by molecules such as Fas3, CON, and CAP, and inhibited by molecules such as Toll and Sema2, must be transduced to a pathway that leads to the induction of synaptic specialization and maturation, which involves cytoskeletal rearrangement, membrane re-allocation, and molecular complexing (Hoang and Chiba, 1999). How is this first step coupled to the activation of synaptic protein recruitment, and what are the molecular links between synaptic target recognition and synapse maturation?…”

Section: Coupling Synaptic Target Recognition Molecules To Synaptogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic target recognition at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions

Rose¹,

Chibá²

2000

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Every synaptogenesis begins with "synaptic target recognition," a cell-cell recognition event in which a neuron and its target stably adhere. Despite its importance in developing nervous systems, synaptic target recognition has been difficult to study in complex systems. The relatively simple and genetically accessible Drosophila NMJ model system provides a repertoire of target recognition cues. We describe how these molecules control the targeting of specific growth cones in either a positive (synaptogenic) or negative (anti-synaptogenic) manner. We also propose two alternate signaling paradigms to explain how these initial cell recognition events are coupled to the intracellular signaling pathways that begin the process of synapse maturation.

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‘Identify’ and ‘lock in’: molecular integration during synaptic target recognition

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

In Vitro Degradation and Fermentation of Three Dietary Fiber Sources by Human Colonic Bacteria

In Vitro Degradation and Fermentation of Three Dietary Fiber Sources by Human Colonic Bacteria

A Screen of Cell-Surface Molecules Identifies Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins as Key Mediators of Synaptic Target Selection

Synaptic target recognition at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions

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