Identifikasi Hiu yang Diperdagangkan di Bali Menggunakan Metode DNA Barcoding dan Analisis Filogenetik

Abstract

Sharks are one of the keys for ecosystems balance in the ocean. Sharks as top predators have an important role to maintain the stability of the food chain in the ocean. The loss of sharks will have a major impact on the marine ecosystem, so the presence of sharks in the ocean must be protected from extinction. However, there are some activities such as sharks hunting and trading going on because of the high demand of sharks processed products. Bali is one of the locations of shark fishing and trading activities. The problem is the trade-in sharks have gone through the finning process, leaving only the body parts or fins which resulted in the difficulty of morphological identification process. An alternative method that can be used if molecular identification cannot be done is DNA Barcoding. DNA Barcoding means identifying all the animal species with an effective molecular approach applied to identify species. The identification results of DNA Barcoding of shark’s trade in Bali shows that there are four species of sharks have been sold, which is hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini), thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus), big eye thresher shark (Alopias superliciosus), silky sharks (Carcharinus falciformis). These sharks registered in the IUCN red list, Sphyrna lewini classified as threatened species, while the others (Alopias pelagicus, Alopias superciliosus and Carcharinus falciformis) classified as vulnerable species. In the international trade regulations on CITES, these four species come under the Appendix II. In national regulations, Alopias pelagicus, Alopias superciliosus, Sphyrna lewini have been regulated by the Ministerial regulations, while for Carcharinus falciformis, there are no national regulations yet.

Relationship analysis of Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) from West Aceh Waters using molecular genetics approach

“…The hammerhead shark (S. lewini) also known by the common name scalloped hammerhead has a long front dorsal fin body morphology, a shorter rear dorsal fin, and a long tail fin tip. The back of the pelvic fin is straight and has the shape of the head widening to the side and has a slight indentation in the middle of the head [5], [20]. It has a light gray or grayish brown body color on the dorsal and white on the ventral side, the tip of the pectoral fin is black and has dark spots on the lower caudal fin [21].…”

Identification, relationship and population status of sharks and rays landed at Rigaih Fishing Port as an effort of genetic conservation to endangered biota

“…In contrast, molecular approaches have a more significant number of characters and are more specific, so they help identify even types that have a high degree of similarity. So, it is necessary to carry out the identification process through morphological and molecular methods to strengthen the identification results on the type of shark and ray obtained (Bramasta et al, 2021). Identification of various types of sharks has also been widely carried out in Cilacap, Muncar, and Bali, identifying shark fins found in traditional fish markets (Prehadi et al, 2015).…”