Identified vulnerability contexts for a paddy production assessment with climate change in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries that is most vulnerable to climate change. As a small Indonesian island, Bali is likely to also be affected by climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, drought, and flooding, which will also impact on its paddy production. This paper shows how the focus area of vulnerability assessments in Bali has been identified, based on multiple assessments including literature reviews, statistical assessment, stakeholder and policy assessment, and interviews with farmers. A project team applied a six-step process to identify issues linked to climate change, the purpose and system of vulnerability assessment, potential risk/harm in context, and potential variables for a further assessment. The team identified paddy production as a significant issue, and the purpose and system was the Presidential Decree No.5 on paddy production. Significant concerns linked to paddy production included droughts, land use change, and potential variables for vulnerability assessment such as water level and the price of rice. This paper suggests how adaptive measures should be implemented to handle paddy production in a changing climate. The results of this paper were used by a vulnerability assessment on rice paddy and climate change [Takama, T., Setyani, P., & Aldrian, E. (2014). Climate change vulnerability to rice paddy production in Bali, Indonesia. In W. Leal Filho (Ed.), Handbook of climate change adaptation (pp. 1-23). Berlin: Springer]. IntroductionThe devastating impact of climate change is already evident in Indonesia. The combination of high population density and a high level of biodiversity, together with its more than 15,000 islands and a coastline that has (a staggering total of) tens of thousands of kilometres, make Indonesia one of the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change. As a small island of Indonesia, Bali is likely to be affected by climate change, impacting various aspects such as rising sea level, drought, flood, as well as paddy production.The purpose of this paper is to show how a project team identified the focus area of vulnerability assessment in Bali based on multiple assessments, including literature reviews, statistical assessment, stakeholder/policy assessment, and interviews with farmers. The focus areas have to be applicable not only to Bali Island, but also to the rest of Indonesia in order to make this study scalable in the future. Through a six-step process, the project team identified issues concerned with climate change, the purpose and system of vulnerability assessment, potential risk/harm in context, and potential variables for a further assessment.According to Harvey, there are 10 steps to complete a vulnerability assessment to create vulnerability indicators (Harvey et al., 2009). This paper applies the first six steps, namely identifying a range of issues to the potential variables ( Figure 1). Reviews on the existing reports identified a range of issues. The purpose and system of vulnerability assessment and potential harms were ident...

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