Identification, Synthesis and Field Testing of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Henicosatriene, a Second Bioactive Component of the Sex Pheromone of the Autumn Gum Moth, Mnesampela privata

Walker, Paul; Allen, Gordon; Davies, Noel W.; Smith, Jason A.; Molesworth, Peter P.; Nilsson, Anna; Андерссон, Фредрик; Hedenström, Erik

doi:10.1007/s10886-009-9717-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Defoliation of young plantation trees by M. privata larvae during outbreaks can severely reduce plantation yield (Wardlaw, 2008; Rapley et al , 2009). The sex pheromone of M. privata was recently identified as containing a blend of two polyene hydrocarbons: (3 Z ,6 Z ,9 Z )‐3,6,9‐nonadecatriene (Steinbauer et al , 2004a) and (3 Z ,6 Z ,9 Z )‐3,6,9‐henicosatriene (Walker et al , 2009). This has opened up the possibility of developing new pheromone‐based management strategies, such as mating disruption, against this pest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed mating and reproduction in the autumn gum moth Mnesampela privata

Walker

Allen

2011

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

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1 The success of mating disruption using synthetic sex pheromones depends not only on preventing mating, but also on delaying mating in the target insect. Using the geometrid pest of Eucalyptus plantations, Mnesampela privata (Guenée), we determined the effect of delaying mating when imposed on males only, females only or on both sexes simultaneously, for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. 2 Delayed mating had a significant negative impact on reproduction, with a 0.89-fold decrease in the likelihood of mating and a 0.67-fold decrease in the likelihood of that mating resulting in fertile eggs for every day that mating is delayed. A mating delay of 7 days reduced the mean number of viable eggs laid to 4-13% of that laid by moths paired immediately after emergence. 3 Male only imposed mating delays had a significantly lower effect on reducing the likelihood of pairs mating than when both sexes were delayed. A delay imposed on one sex only or on both sexes simultaneously, however, had a similar negative impact on the proportion of fertile matings as well as on the total number of fertile eggs laid. 4 Longevity of mated female and male M. privata was significantly different between mating delay treatments, with a significant decline in female longevity when they mated with older males. 5 The underlying mechanisms causing a decline in female reproductive output when a mating delay was imposed on males versus females are discussed in relation to the reproductive biology of M. privata and the potential of using mating disruption strategies to control populations in Eucalyptus plantations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed mating and reproduction in the autumn gum moth Mnesampela privata

Walker

Allen

2011

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

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“…Among the Lepidoptera, butterfly species have typically been the focal point of study on mating and reproductive output (e.g., Leimar et al., 1994; Wiklund et al., 2001; Wedell et al., 2002) with moths, though they represent by far the majority of Lepidoptera, receiving less attention (but see Cook, 1999; Heisswolf et al., 2009; Pöykkö, 2009). To address this gap we chose to study the mating system of an applied moth species, the autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), not only to test the robustness of these theories as applied to Lepidoptera but also as part of a wider feasibility study to explore the possibility of mating disruption to control this species in the field (Walker et al., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating frequency and reproductive success in an income breeding moth, Mnesampela privata

Walker¹,

Allen

2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The frequency of mating in insects is often an important determinant of female reproductive output and male sperm competition. In Lepidoptera that provide male nutrients to the female when mating, it is hypothesized that polyandry may be more prevalent. This is thought to be especially so among species described as income breeders; that is, in species who do not derive all their nutrients for reproductive output entirely from the resources obtained during the larval stage. We selected the geometrid moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), to examine this hypothesis further. We found this species was best characterized as an income breeder with female weight on emergence positively correlated with total egg load but not with the number of eggs laid. Further, in accord with income breeders, females emerged with a partially developed egg load and lifetime fecundity was positively correlated with the number of oviposition days. However, in the laboratory we found that incidence of repeated matings or polyandry was rare. When moths were paired singly over their lifetime, only 4% of mated females multiple mated. When females were paired with three males concurrently, female mating success increased from 60 to 81% with multiple mating among mated females increasing to just 15%. Dissection of wild caught M. privata found that polyandry levels were also low with a maximum of 16.4% of females collected at any one time being multiple mated. In accord with theory, mating significantly increased the longevity of females, but not of males, suggesting that females acquire essential resources from male ejaculates. Despite this, multiple mated females showed a trend toward decreasing rather than increasing female reproductive output. Spermatophore size, measured on death of the female, was not correlated with male or female forewing length but was negatively correlated with the number of fertile eggs laid and female longevity. Smaller spermatophore width may be related to uptake of more nutrients by the female from a spermatophore. We discuss our findings in relation to income breeding and its relationship to polyandry in Lepidoptera.

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“…The filter paper strip was inserted into a clean glass pipette, and the solvent was then allowed to evaporate from the filter paper (~30 s) prior to testing. The test compound was delivered via a 1 s puff of air (5 ml s − 1 ) into an opening in the glass tube 150 mm upstream from the antenna, with the outlet 10 mm downstream from the antenna [ 34 ]. Before starting each run, a single pulse of air was blown onto the antenna to verify that it was responsive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a self-regulatory pheromone system that controls nymph aggregation behavior of rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor

Chen

Liang

2015

Front Zool

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BackgroundNymphs of many spittlebug species are known to aggregate in one spittle mass, a behavior which greatly benefits the survival of the developing nymphs. Little is known, however, about the precise mechanisms that induce and regulate aggregation. Here, we investigated the aggregation behavior of nymphs of the rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor, and analyzed the chemical composition of spittle masses.ResultsWe identified six n-alkane compounds, namely un-, do-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexadecane in the spittle mass. Importantly, we showed that solitary spittle mass (SSM) and aggregation spittle mass (ASM) differed significantly in the amounts and composition of these compounds. While un-, do-, tri-, tetra-and hexadecane were overrepresented in SSM, pentadecane was found at significantly higher levels in ASM. Electrophysiological experiments showed that antennae responses to these six compounds were significantly higher than to both the hexane and the docosane control, which suggests a specific role of the six volatile alkanes as pheromones. In agreement with this hypothesis, behavioral tests revealed that five of the six compounds (e.g. un-, do-, tri-, tetra-, and hexadecane) acted as attractants across a wide concentration range. Thus, these five compounds allow recruitment of additional nymphs to a growing spittle mass. The sixth compound, pentadecane, attracted nymphs at low doses, whereas at higher doses, this effect vanished, suggesting that this alkane functioned as a repellent, thus preventing recruitment of additional individuals to a full aggregation in a spittle mass.ConclusionsIn summary, our study identified a simple, yet fully functional feedback mechanism which allows aggregation at low nymph numbers, while preventing over-crowding beyond a set number of nymphs within one spittle mass. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into C. versicolor development and behavior that should greatly facilitate the identification of new approaches for pheromonal control of this pest.

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Identification, Synthesis and Field Testing of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Henicosatriene, a Second Bioactive Component of the Sex Pheromone of the Autumn Gum Moth, Mnesampela privata

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Delayed mating and reproduction in the autumn gum moth Mnesampela privata

Delayed mating and reproduction in the autumn gum moth Mnesampela privata

Mating frequency and reproductive success in an income breeding moth, Mnesampela privata

Identification of a self-regulatory pheromone system that controls nymph aggregation behavior of rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor

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