Identification of volatile flavor compounds in Jeju citrus fruits

Abstract

The volatile flavor compounds in five Jeju citrus fruit varieties (Cheonhyehyang, Hallabong, Jinjihyang, Hwanggeum hyang and Redhyang) were extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) using solvent mixture of n-pentane and diethyl ether (1:1, v/v) and analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The number of aroma compounds were identified with : 104 (4,939.77 mg/kg) in Cheonhyehyang, 98 (3,286.38 mg/kg) in Hallabong, 105 (3,317.56 mg/kg) in Jinjihyang, 102 (4,293.39 mg/kg) in Hwanggeumhyang, and 108 (4,049.94 mg/kg) in Redhyang. The detected main volatile compounds were; limonene, sabinene, β-myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, linalool, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, (E)-β-ocimene and γ-terpinene. Among the identified volatiles compounds, ethyl-benzene, nonanol, 1-p-menthen-9-al, (E)-isocarveol, methyl salicylate, α-terpinen-7-al, perilla alcohol, and ethyl-dodecanoate were detected in Cheonhyehyang. only Furthermore, β-chamigrene and α-selinene were in Hallabong only; 3-hydroxybutanal, (E)-2-nonenal, isoborneol, octyl acetate, (E)-2-undecenal, β-ylangene and guaia-6,9-diene in Jinjihyang. ρ-Cymenene, β-thujone, selina-4,11-diene and (E,E)-2,6-farnesol in Hwanggeumhyang only; and ρ-cymen-8-ol, bornyl acetate, carvacrol, bicycloelemene, α-cubebene and 7-epi-α-selinene in Redhyang only. This study confirmed the differences in composition and content of volatile aroma components in five varieties of Jeju citrus fruits.

Compositional characteristics and antibacterial activity of essential oils in citrus hybrid peels

“…Hong & Kim (2016a) reported that limonene (42.57%), sabinene (6.61%), linalool (5.17%), decanal (3.73%), limonene-10-ol (3.01%), 4-terpineol (2.65%), β-myrcene (2.58%), and β-pinene (2.32%) were detected in the essential oil of Cheonhyehyang peels. Although, ethyl benzene, nonanol, 1-p-menthen-9-al, (E) isocarveol, methyl salicylate, and α-terpinen-7-al were unique volatile fragrance components found only in Cheonhyehyang (Hong & Kim, 2016a), these were not detected in this study. Chunhyehyang peel essential oil contains 2.54 to 4.39 times more linalool than the other four citrus fruits (Table 2).…”

“…Limonene (84.46%), sabinene (3.12%), β-myrcene (1.83%), linalool (1.57%), and β-ocimene (1.29%) were the major components of the essential oil of Hallabong peel. Hong and Kim (Hong & Kim, 2016a) reported 96 compounds, including limonene (62.18%), β-myrcene (5.65%), α-pinene (2.49%), ethyl acetate (1.26%), and β-pinene (1.92%), from Hallabong peel essential oil. The essential oil composition of Hallabong peel in the previous study was similar to that in this study.…”

“…In particular, sabinene (3.124%) was the most abundant in the essential oil of Hallabong peels. Hong and Kim (Hong & Kim, 2016a) reported that the sabinene contents of Cheonhyehyang and Hallabong essential oils were 6.61% and 4.06%, respectively. On the other hand, the Jinjihyang, Goldenhyang, and Redhyang essential oils contained a small amount of sabinene in the range of 0.44-1.44% (Hong & Kim, 2016a).…”

“…Hong and Kim (Hong & Kim, 2016a) reported that the sabinene contents of Cheonhyehyang and Hallabong essential oils were 6.61% and 4.06%, respectively. On the other hand, the Jinjihyang, Goldenhyang, and Redhyang essential oils contained a small amount of sabinene in the range of 0.44-1.44% (Hong & Kim, 2016a). Hallabong peels essential oil has significantly higher sabinene content than lemon, orange, and grape peel essential oils (Yoo et al, 2004).…”

“…Redhyang peel essential oil contained limonene (51.38%), β-myrcene (7.23%), linalool (4.81%), decanal (4.32%), α-pinene (4.23%), α-sinensal (3.13%), β-pinene (2.48%), citronellal (1.97%), α-phellandrene (1.91%), octanal (1.45%), and α-thujene (1.23%) (Hong & Kim, 2016a). ρ-Cymen-8-ol, bornyl acetate, carvacrol, and bicycloelemene were found in trace quantities in Redhyang peel essential oil.…”