Identification of Virulence Factors Genes inEscherichia coliIsolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Mexico

Abstract

E coli isolates (108) from Mexican women, clinically diagnosed with urinary tract infection, were screened to identify virulence genes, phylogenetic groups, and antibiotic resistance. Isolates were identified by MicroScan4 system; additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed. The phylogenetic groups and 16 virulence genes encoding adhesins, toxins, siderophores, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and invasins were identified by PCR. Phylogenetic groups distribution was as follows: B1 9.3%, A 30.6%, B2 55.6%, and D 4.6%. Virulence genes prevalence was ecp 98.1%, fimH 86.1%, traT 77.8%, sfa/focDE 74.1%, papC 62%, iutA 48.1%, fyuA 44.4%, focG 2.8%, sfaS 1.9%, hlyA 7.4%, cnf-1 6.5%, cdt-B 0.9%, cvaC 2.8%, ibeA 2.8%, and rfc 0.9%. Regarding antimicrobial resistance it was above 50% to ampicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, piperacillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Uropathogenic E. coli clustered mainly in the pathogenic phylogenetic group B2. The isolates showed a high presence of siderophores and adhesion genes and a low presence of genes encoding toxins. The high frequency of papC gene suggests that these isolates have the ability to colonize the kidneys. High resistance to drugs considered as first choice treatment such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones was consistently observed.

Detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic group and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Mongolia

“…Comparing across groups, the virulence genes were found in the strains of phylogenetic groups D and B1, and most frequently in group B2. Our results are confirmed in other studies [7,40].…”

“…In the present study, 41.9% of the UPEC strains showed resistance to CIP. These results correspond to those of other studies conducted by López-Banda et al [7] and Giray et al [44], who reported 62.3% and 47% resistance in E. coli to CIP, respectively.…”

“…For example, in Russia [28], UTI isolates belonged more often to phylogenetic group A. In Spain and the United States, lower percentages of phylogenetic group D were reported [7]. In the present study, the predominant phylogenetic group was B2 (33.8%), followed by D (28.4%), A (19.6%), and B1 (18.2%).…”

“…The interaction between UPEC and epithelial cells is a multifactorial and complex phenomenon which involves several adhesins produced according to the stage of infection, while adherence to epithelial cells is essential for successful colonization and establishment. The expression of other genes encoding virulence factors contributes to disease severity [3,7]. The genes in the pathogenicity islands may also be virulence associated and encode a variety of different virulence factors, such as adherence factors (e.g., type 1 and P fimbriae), toxins (e.g., hemolysin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor), secretion systems, and siderophores (e.g., aerobactin and yersinabactin) [8][9][10].…”

High Microbiological Spectrum Resistance Rates in urine isolates from Jalisco, Mexico. A retrospective study and literature review

“…Treatment of UTIs generally includes β-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (TMP/ SMX). Treatment varies according to patient age and gender, pathogen implicated, course of disease, and the anatomical area of the urinary tract involved [3,13]. While these drugs are successful in resolving some UTIs, resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents is a matter of increasing concern.…”