Identification of viral agents causing diarrhea among children in the Eastern Center of Tunisia

Fodha, I.; Chouikha, Anissa; Peenze, Ina; Beer, M. De; Dewar, John Barr; Geyer, A.; Messaadi, F.; Trabelsi, Abdelhalim; Boujaafar, N.; Taylor, Maureen B.; Steele, Duncan

doi:10.1002/jmv.20681

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The positive singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) family Astroviridae consists of two genera, Avastrovirus and Mamastrovirus, known to infect avian and mammalian hosts, respectively. Human astroviruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route and have been associated with gastroenteritis (13,26,29,32,39,91). Several new human astroviruses have recently been described (24,25,44).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

Marine

Wang

et al. 2012

J Virol

241

213

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g Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for highthroughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, <10 ؊4 ), including known pathogens (>90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named Picalivirus, Secalivirus, Hepelivirus, Nedicistrovirus, Cadicistrovirus, and Niflavirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plantinfecting Geminiviridae family were named Baminivirus, Nimivirus, and Niminivirus. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

Marine

Wang

et al. 2012

J Virol

241

213

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“…In Tunisia, a middle-income Mediterranean country, earlier studies showed the contribution of RVs (8,38) and more recently that of HAstVs and HAdVs (12) in cases of childhood diarrhea. However, the nature of the contribution of NoVs and Aichi viruses to outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Tunisia remains unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

et al. 2008

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, investigated the incidence and the clinical role of various enteric viruses responsible for infantile gastroenteritis in 632 Tunisian children presenting in dispensaries (380 children) or hospitalized (252 children) for acute diarrhea. At least one enteric virus was found in each of 276 samples (43.7%). A single pathogen was observed in 234 samples, and mixed infections were found in 42 samples. In terms of frequency, rotavirus and norovirus were detected in 22.5 and 17.4% of the samples, respectively, followed by astrovirus (4.1%), Aichi virus (3.5%), adenovirus types 40 and 41 (2.7%), and sapovirus (1.0%). The seasonal distribution of viral gastroenteritis showed a winter peak but also an unusual peak from May to September. The severity of the diarrhea was evaluated for hospitalized infants. No significant differences were observed between rotavirus and norovirus infections with regard to the incidence and the clinical severity of the disease, especially in dehydration.Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among infants throughout the world, especially in developing countries, where malnutrition and poor local health service are factors responsible for the increased severity of the diarrhea. In infants, group A rotavirus (RV) is the major etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis and is responsible for 29 to 45% of hospitalizations, depending on the income level of the country (32, 33). Other enteric viruses such as human norovirus (NoV), sapovirus, astrovirus (HAstV), adenovirus (HAdV) types 40 and 41, and Aichi virus are also associated with acute gastroenteritis, and their relative importance in high-income countries has been reported previously (2, 4).Human NoVs, which are members of the Caliciviridae family, are found in all age groups (7, 10) and are a major cause of food-and water-related outbreaks (11,22). Recent work has showed that NoVs are the second most frequent etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis (16). Sapovirus, another genus of the family Caliciviridae, HAstV (41), and enteric type 40 and 41 HAdVs have also been associated with diarrhea. Aichi virus (42) has recently been classified into the Kobuvirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and has been associated with oyster consumption.Although the role of these viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in industrialized countries has been established (7, 29), little is known about their contribution to outbreaks in developing countries and few data are currently available (25). In Tunisia, a middle-income Mediterranean country, earlier studies showed the contribution of RVs (8, 38) and more recently that of HAstVs and HAdVs (12) in cases of childhood diarrhea. However, the nature of the contribution of NoVs and Aichi viruses to outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Tunisia remains unknown.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of these enteric viruses and their contribution to diarrheal diseases in Tunisian children. We conducted a prospective 2-year study of children who were hospitalized in or presented to ...

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“…The G12 rotavirus was first detected in 1990 in the Philippines (35) and has since been found in Asia, Europe, South America, and North America, suggesting that it is possibly emerging all over the world (5,6,18,28,29,32). So far, no cases concerning the G12 rotavirus strain have been reported in northern Africa (11,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there have been few epidemiological surveys that aimed to determine the circulation of enteric viruses in Egypt and other countries in the Middle East (11,31,36). The aim of this work was to determine the circulation of enteric viruses among the population of Cairo, Egypt.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance and Circulation of Enteric Viruses in the Region of Greater Cairo, Egypt

Kamel

Ali

Elnady³

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

112

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Identification of viral agents causing diarrhea among children in the Eastern Center of Tunisia

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

Predominance and Circulation of Enteric Viruses in the Region of Greater Cairo, Egypt

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